Obtaining energy & nutrients for life

Autotrophs Autotroph autofocus automobile self nourishment

Autotroph = self nourishment What are some examples of autotrophs? Autotrophs

Where do autotrophs get energy from? Where do autotrophs get nutrients for growth?

Heterotrophs Heterotroph other

Heterotroph = other nourishment What are some examples of heterotrophs? Heterotrophs

Definitions Autotroph Heterotroph all plants, algae & some bacteria make their own organic matter from simple inorganic substances (from soil & air) use the energy of sunlight (typically) include all animals, all fungi & some bacteria consume autotrophs (or other heterotrophs) & break them down for energy & organic matter

Autotrophs How do autotrophs make energy from the sun? Photosynthesis! light“to make” What do plants make with photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis As well as oxygen, what form of chemical energy does photosynthesis make? glucose pustaka.ictsleman.net

Photosynthesis inputs? CO 2 + H 2 OGlucose + O 2 light outputs? Where in a plant does photosynthesis occur?

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts

Photosynthesis CO 2 + H 2 OGlucose + O 2 light

Photosynthesis CO 2 + H 2 OGlucose + O 2 light (modifies from Biology, 4 th Ed. Campbell)

Two stages or two ‘shifts’ Photosynthesis Shift 1 ‘light reactions’ (modifies from Biology, 4 th Ed. Campbell)

Two stages or two ‘shifts’ Photosynthesis Shift 2 ‘dark reactions’ (modifies from Biology, 4 th Ed. Campbell)

Two stages or two ‘shifts’ Photosynthesis Shift 2 ‘dark reactions’ Shift 1 ‘light reactions’ (modifies from Biology, 4 th Ed. Campbell)

What form of chemical energy is ‘passed’ from the light reactions, to the dark reactions? Photosynthesis Shift 2 ‘dark reactions’ Shift 1 ‘light reactions’ (modifies from Biology, 4 th Ed. Campbell)

Plant structures assist photosynthesis Where in a plant does photosynthesis occur?

Broad, flat shape = maximum exposure to sunlight Many chloroplasts inside each photosynthetic cell Plant structures assist photosynthesis What features of leaves are good for photosynthesis?

Plant structures assist photosynthesis What features of leaves are good for photosynthesis? (modifies from Biology, 4 th Ed. Campbell)

Photosynthesis How does H 2 O get into the plant? What else enters the plant through the roots? What features of the roots facilitate intake of water & nutrients? What else enters through the roots? (modifies from Biology, 4 th Ed. Campbell)

Photosynthesis How do H 2 O & minerals get to the rest of the plant? What other function does H 2 O serve for the plant? (modifies from Biology, 4 th Ed. Campbell)

Photosynthesis How does sugar get to the rest of the plant? (modifies from Biology, 4 th Ed. Campbell)

Photosynthesis What does photosynthesis do? What are the raw materials for photosynthesis? What are the products of photosynthesis? Where in plants & algae does photosynthesis occur? What features of a plant facilitate photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis Converts the energy of sunlight into sugars (light energy into chemical energy) The raw materials are carbon dioxide & water The products are sugar & oxygen In plants & algae, photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts

Photosynthesis A plant’s ability to photosynthesise is maximised by its structure: broad leaves with many chloroplasts & air spaces vascular tissue transports nutrients & products xylemwater & minerals phloemsugars gives support to plants Extensive root system taps soil for water & mineral salts