Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals − Illustrated Unit A: Understanding Essential Computer Concepts 1 Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated

Objectives Investigate types of computers Examine computer systems Investigate data representation Understand memory Understand storage media Examine input devices 2

Objectives (cont’d.) Examine output devices Explore data communications Learn about networks Learn about security threats Understand system software Understand application software Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 3

Investigating Types of Computers Personal computers (PCs)   Used in home or office for general tasks   Desktop   Notebook (laptops): e.g., MacBook   Tablet   Subnotebook (ultraportable or mini notebooks): e.g., Netbooks   Slate: e.g., iPad Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 4

Investigating Types of Computers (cont’d.) Handheld computers   Palm-sized, and more limited than PCs Smartphones: e.g., iPhone MP3 players Mainframe computers   Handle large amounts of business and government data Supercomputers   Largest and fastest, for use by large corporations and government agencies 5

Investigating Types of Computers (cont’d.) Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated Figure A-3: Apple IPhone Figure A-2: Apple iPad 6

Examining Computer Systems Hardware   Physical components Software   Intangible components, particularly the programs (instructions) Operating system   Controls input and output, manages storage space, maintains security, and detects equipment failure Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 7

Examining Computer Systems (cont’d.) Components checklist   Architecture or configuration   Data   Motherboard Circuits (electrical paths) Microprocessor (processor or central processing unit (CPU) ) Cards Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 8

Examining Computer Systems (cont’d.) Components checklist (cont’d.)   Input and output Peripheral devices   Input device Keyboard or mouse   Output device Monitor or printer Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 9

Examining Computer Systems (cont’d.) Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated Figure A-6: Intel microprocessor (CPU) 10

Investigating Data Representation Data processing   Computers represent data as distinct or separate numbers, known as binary digits, or bits ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)   Personal computers commonly use “ASK-ee” to represent character data Each “ASK-ee” number represents an English character Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 11

Investigating Data Representation (cont’d.) Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated Table A-1: Table measurements 12

Understanding Memory Memory   Computer hardware that stores instruction and data Random access (RAM) Cache Virtual Read only (ROM) Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 13

Types of Memory Random access memory (RAM)   Temporarily holds programs and data Cache memory (RAM or CPU cache)   Stores frequently/recently accessed data Virtual memory   Simulated RAM on storage devices Read-only memory (ROM)   Stores set of instructions a computer uses to check system components Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 14

Types of Memory (cont’d.) Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor memory (CMOS)   Activated in boot process, and identifies where essential software is stored   Changes when hardware is added or removed   Saves content when computer is shut off   Stores date and time Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 15

Understanding Storage Media Storage device   Receives data from RAM and stores as a computer file   Magnetic storage media Hard disk   Optical storage devices CD, DVD, Blu-ray discs   Flash memory (solid state storage)   USB flash storage device (USB drive or flash drive) Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 16

Types of Storage Media Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated Figure A-9: Storage devices and RAM Figure A-10: USB flash storage device 17

Examining Input Devices Input devices   Enter data and commands into a computer   Keyboard   Pointing device Mouse, scroll wheel, trackball, trackpad   Touchscreen   Scanner   Microphones   Wireless devices Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 18

Types of Keyboard Devices Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated Figure A-11: Keyboards Figure A-12: Personal computer pointing devices Figure A-13: Multi-touch trackpad 19

Examining Output Devices Output devices   Display the results of data processing Types of output devices   Monitor Displays the output from a computer   Printer Produces a paper copy, often called a hard copy, of text or graphics processed by a computer   Speakers Allow you to hear sounds from a computer Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 20

Examining Output Devices (cont’d.) Components of a monitor   Flat panel LCD (liquid crystal display) LED (light emitting diode)   Screen size   Graphics display Pixels, resolution, dot pitch (DP) Graphics card (video display adapter or video card) Graphics processor (built-in graphics card) Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 21

Examining Output Devices (cont’d.) Printer categories   Laser printers Toner   Inkjet printers   Dot matrix printers Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 22

Examining Output Devices (cont’d.) Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated Figure A-15: iMac Figure A-14: LED monitor 23

Exploring Data Communications Data communications   Transmission of data from one computer to another, or to a peripheral device   Communications components Sender Channel Receiver Protocols Device driver (driver) Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 24

Ways Computers Communicate Components   Data bus   External peripheral device Expansion port and cable/controller card/expansion slots   USB (Universal Serial Bus) port USB connector   FireWire (IEEE 1394 interface)   HDMI, DVI, and VGA   PS/2 ports   Ethernet port Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 25

Learning about Networks Network   Connects computers and peripheral devices to share data Network components   Network interface card (NIC)   Network software   Servers Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 26

Learning about Networks (cont’d.) Types of networks   Client/server   Peer-to-peer   Local area network (LAN)   Wide area network (WAN)   Wireless local area network (WLAN)   Personal area network (PAN)   Worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMax) Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 27

Learning about Security Threats Malware (harmful) programs   Viruses   Spyware   Spoofed site   Phishing   Pharming Security steps   Antivirus software (virus protection)   Antispyware software   Firewall Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 28

Understanding System Software Key components   Operating systems System resource Operating environment (graphical user interface (GUI)   Utilities   Device drivers   Programming languages Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 29

Understanding Application Software Application software programs   Many allow use of data created by one application in a document created by another application Object linking and embedding Integration Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 30

Understanding Software Applications Typical application software   Document production   Spreadsheet   Database management   Graphics and presentation   Photo-editing and video-editing   Multimedia authoring   Information management   Web site creation and management Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Fundamentals Illustrated 31

Summary Personal computers vary in size, portability and use Computer systems comprise hardware, software and operating systems Computers represent characters as binary digits, or bits Computer memory may be temporary, permanent, or virtual 32

Summary (cont’d.) Input devices enter data and output devices display data Networks connect computers to share data Security steps should be taken to protect computers against harmful malware Application software programs share source data via integration 33