Economy Grid: A New e-Paradigm for Grid/Internet Computing GAURAV GUNJAN JHA - BTECH/COMP.SCIENCE BIT MESRA, INDIA

What is Grid ?  An infrastructure that couples: – Computers (PCs, workstations, clusters, traditional supercomputers, and even laptops, notebooks, mobile computers, PDA, and so on) … – Software ? (e.g., ASPs renting expensive special purpose applications on demand) – Catalogued Data/Databases (e.g., transparent access to human genome database) – Special Instruments (e.g., radio telescope-- Searching for Life in galaxy, for pulsars) – People/collaborators (even animals who knows ?)  and offers a simple, consistent, dependable, & pervasive access across (local/wide-area) networks to present them as an unified integrated resource.

Who pays for all this ? Any Incentive for GRID resource owners ? GUSTO Distributed ASCI Supercomputer NASA IPG

Building of a “brokerage” system….. Foundation for the Grid Economy

Economy Grid: GRACE Gr id A rchitecture for C omputational E conomy  GRACE aims help Nimrod/G overcome the current limitations.  GRACE middleware offer generic interfaces (APIs) that other developers of grid tools can use along with Globus services.

Why Computational Economy in Resource Management ? “Observe Grid characteristics and current resource management policies”  Grid resources are not owned by user or single organisation.  They have their own administrative policy  Mismatch in resource demand and supply – overall resource demand may exceed supply.  Markets are an effective institution in coordinating the activities of several entities.  Traditional System-centric (performance matrix approaches does not suit in grid environment. – System-Centric --> User Centric  Like in real life, economic-based approach is one of the best ways to regulate selection and scheduling on the grid as it captures user-intent.

Advantages of Economic-based RM  Helps in regulating demand and supply – resource access cost can fluctuate (based on demand and supply and system can adapt)  Scalable Solution – No need of central coordinator (during negotiation) – Resources(sellers) and also Users(buyers) can make their own decisions and try to maximize utility and profit.  Uniform Treatment of all Resources – Everything can can be traded including CPU, Mem, Net, Storage/Disk, other devices/instruments – Efficient allocation of resources

Grid Node N Grid Node 2 Computational Market Model for Grid Resource Management Grid User Application Grid Resource Broker Grid Resource/Control Domains Grid Explorer Schedule Advisor Trade Manager Job Control Agent Deployment Agent Trade Server Resource Allocation Resource Reservation R1R1 Other services Grid Information Server(s) R2R2 RmRm … Charging Alg. Accounting Grid Node1 … Trading Grid Middleware … Info ? … Jobs Health Monitor

Grid Open Trading Protocols Get Connected Call for Bid(DT) Reply to Bid (DT) Negotiate Deal(DT) Confirm Deal(DT, Y/N) …. Cancel Deal(DT) Change Deal(DT) Get Disconnected Trade ManagerTrade Server Pricing Rules DT - Deal Template - resource requirements (BM) - resource profile (BS) - price (any one can set) - status - change the above values - negotiation can continue - accept/decline - validity period API

Nimrod/G Resource Broker Nimrod/G Approach to Resource Management and Scheduling

 A global scheduler for managing and steering task farming (parametric simulation) applications on computational grid based on deadline and computational economy.  Key Features – A single window to manage & control experiment – Resource Discovery – Trade for Resources – Scheduling – Steering & data management  It allows to study the behaviour of some of the output variables against a range of different input scenarios. What is Nimrod/G ?

A Nimrod/G Client CostDeadline Legion hosts Globus Hosts Bezek is in both Globus and Legion Domains

Conclude with a comparison with the Electrical Grid……….. Where we are ????

Alessandro Volta in Paris in 1801 inside France National Institute shows the battery at the presence of Napoleon I Fresco by N. Cianfanelli (1841) (Zoological Section "La Specula" of National History Museum of Florence University)

….and in the future, I imagine a worldwide Power (Electrical) Grid …... What ?!?! This is a mad man… Oh, mon Dieu !

= 199 Years

What will be the dominant grid approach in the next future ??

Trends It is very difficult to predict the future and this is particular true in a field such as Information Technology “ I think there is a world market for about five computers.” Thomas J. Watson Sr., IBM Founder, 1943

Trends The time is exciting but the way is hard and long…. GRID

Conclusions  The Emergence of Internet as a Powerful connectivity media is bridging the gap between a number of technologies leading to what is known as “Everything on IP”.  Cluster-based systems have become a platform of choice for mainstream computing.  A number of GRID project world-wide have been presented to explore computing trend!  Economic based approach to resource management is the way to go in the grid environment.  Both sequential and parallel applications run seamless on desktops, SMPs, Clusters, and the Grid without any change.  Grid: A Next Generation Internet ?

Thank You For giving me A patient hearing !!!! Thank You For giving me A patient hearing !!!!