Warm-up Grab a marker Go around the room and put an “X” to show your level of confidence with each of the subjects. 1 is very little confidence 10 is you think you can Ace this section of the test. There are 6 topics make sure you look at all of them

Global Warming

6.1.1 Describe the role of greenhouse gases in maintaining mean global temperature Describe how human activities add to green house gases Discuss qualitatively the potential effect on increases mean global temperature Discuss the feedback mechanisms that would be associated with an increase in mean global temperature Describe and evaluate pollution management strategies too address the issue of global warming

Review- draw a trophoshpere and stratosphere and label the pollutants at each level.

Gaia Hypothesis Written by James Lavelock Sees the earth as if it were alive, “We have given Gaia a fever and soon her condition will worsen to a state like a coma” He believes that we are trying to control the temperature instead of trying protect Gaia before we made her sick.

The Green House Effect Gases in the atmosphere reducing heat loss cause the effect by radiation back into space. Incoming light is made up of visible light, ultraviolet light and infrared 45% of the incoming light is absorbed, scattered or reflected by the atmosphere and clouds before it reached the surface

GH effect continued… 55% reaches the surface 4% is reflected 51% is used for….. Some heat is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere which re-emit it as heat back to the earth

Green House Gases Carbon Dioxide Methane (CH4) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) CFC’s Ozone- in the troposphere

Global Warming potential Not all greenhouse gases have the same effect on the absorption of radiation. To measure the effect we use Global Warming Potential to look at how much one molecule contributes There are far fewer CFC’s in the atmosphere but it is 10,000 times more effective at trapping long wave radiation

Where do our GHG come from? world-ghg-emissions-flow-chart-2010.pdf world-ghg-emissions-flow-chart-2010.pdf

Approximately what proportion of world greenhouse gas emissions come from energy? Which part of the energy sector emits most greenhouse gases (by volume)? What are the main greenhouse gases emitted? Draw a pie chart to show their relative volume in world emissions. Apart from the energy sector, what are the main sources of greenhouse gases? What are the main sources of (i) methane and (ii) nitrous oxides?

Approximately what proportion of world greenhouse gas emissions come from energy? 61.4 Which part of the energy sector emits most greenhouse gases (by volume)? Electricity and Heat What are the main greenhouse gases emitted? Draw a pie chart to show their relative volume in world emissions. Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide Apart from the energy sector, what are the main sources of greenhouse gases? Land use and agricultural What are the main sources of (i) methane and (ii) nitrous oxides? Agriculture and industrial process agriculture

6.1.3 Discuss qualitatively the potential effect on increases mean global temperature

Reality Climate is resistant to change. It may respond slowly to climate change then accelerate to reach a new equilibrium Examples of effects of global warming Biomes shifting Change in location of crop growing areas Changed weather patterns Coastal inundations Human heath

Effect on ocean and seal levels Temp increase causes water to expand and ice to melt which then runs off into the sea Temp increase causes water to expand and ice to melt which then runs off into the sea Leads to sea level increasing Leads to sea level increasing An increase between C could mean a sea level rise of cm An increase between C could mean a sea level rise of cm seas absorb CO2 seas absorb CO2 Makes the seas acidic by 0.1 pH Makes the seas acidic by 0.1 pH The oceans and seas absorb ½ the carbon produced by anthropogenic activities The oceans and seas absorb ½ the carbon produced by anthropogenic activities Warmer seas absorb less CO2 Warmer seas absorb less CO2 Feedback loop Feedback loop

Effect of polar ice caps Melting of ice on Antarctica and Green land will cause sea levels to rise Methane clathrate (a form of ice) is trapped. If the ice were to melt there would be an increase in methane in the atmosphere. Feedback loop

Food production Biomes may shift from the equator If the high production area moves north new areas will have to become high food production areas There will be winners and losers depending on the soil type. Increase in temp may effect the plankton in marine food webs

Biodiversity and the Ecosystem Melting of the permafrost would release methane trapped in the frozen soils Animals can migrate… plants can not Birds and butterflies have already shifted their ranges to higher altitudes Plants are breaking their winter dormancy earlier

Pine forest in Canada The forest is being devastated by the pine beetle It is no longer being killed off by previously cold winters which now are milder

Effect on Human Health Diseases that use vectors (mosquitos) could spread to higher latitudes Yellow fever Dengue fever Malaria Drier climates dust increases leading asthma and chest infections Positives?

Effect on Human Migration?

Effect on the economy? Good and bad… Tar sands in Canada and Siberia will be open from melted permafrost (more OIL!!!!) More hydroelectric power generators in higher latitudes More agriculture in higher latitudes

Pollution Management Three strategies Do nothing Wait and see Take action now

Take Action Now Find alternative energy sources Three precaution categories International National Actions Personal

International Kyoto Protocol 1997: 160 nations signed Legaly binding to reduce CO2 and 5 other green house gases to 2.2 % below the 1990 levels by : 55 counties ratifies the protocol 2005: Kyotyo Protocol goes in effect, not signed by the US

National Level Regulation?

What can you do to reduce your green house emission?