APES REVIEW STRATEGIES VASS 2009

TEST FORMAT AND PACING 100 multiple choice questions (90minutes) 4 free response questions (90 minutes) 2-synthesis and evaluation 1 document based question 1 data set question 54 seconds per multiple choice question 22 minutes per free response question

AP Environmental Science Means 2006

HOW TO ANSWER FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS DO NOT RESTATE the questions 22.5 minutes per questions Write so it can be read Use paragraphs Label all diagrams and graphs Remember the 3 “E’s” EXPLAIN ELABORATE EXAMPLES

Start with the free response that you know best Leave nothing to the readers imagination (pretend that you are teaching your parents to use their cell phones- assume they know nothing). Do not give information that they do not ask for – IT GETS YOU NO POINTS Read carefully- if they ask you to talk about Carbon they really want you to just talk about Carbon. Think about what you know about Carbon and also the cycles that Carbon is involved in (photosynthesis, cellular respiration, etc.)

REVIEW OF TERMS Compare Point out similarities, to examine 2 or more objects and consider the likenesses. Contrast Point out differences, to examine 2 or more objects and consider the differences Explain Tell how to do, tell the meaning or, or why…give reasons for Describe To give a picture or account of in words Discuss To consider from various points of view Define Give a meaning for a word or phrase

APES Mathematics Review The APES Examination will require you to do mathematical calculations Show ALL work for ALL calculations on the free-response section of the APES exam NO calculators on the AP Environmental Science exam

Scientific Notation Place the following numbers into scientific notation. 1. one billion 2. twenty three thousand trillion 4. three hundred Do the following calculations in scientific notation. 5. five hundred billion times thirty five thousand 6. six thousand divided by 300 billion 7. one ten thousandth of three million 8. 6 billion divided by 35 trillion

Unit conversions 1.Fifty eight thousand kilograms of solid waste is equivalent to how many metric tons? 1.If one barrel of crude oil provides six million BTUs of energy, how many BTUs of energy will one liter of crude oil provide? How many calories of energy will one gallon of crude oil provide? 1.For crude oil, if 150 pounds of CO2 is released per million BTUs of energy, how much CO2 is produced by each barrel of crude oil? (use information from the previous problem)

Percentages 1. A natural gas power plant is 60% efficient. If one cubic meter of natural gas provides 1000 BTUs of electricity. How many BTUs of waste heat were produced? 2. If 35% of a natural area is to be developed, leaving 500 acres untouched, how many acres are to be developed? 3. Calculate the percentage growth rate for a country with a population of 6 million: in a year in which it had 100,000 births, 70,000 deaths, 30,000 immigrants, and 50,000 emigrants. 4. If the concentration of mercury in a water supply changes from 65 ppm to 7 ppm in a ten-year period, what is the percentage change of the mercury concentration?

ENERGY UNITS AND USE Btu (British Thermal Unit) CalorieJoule 1lb of water 1 degree F1 gram of water 1 degree CA unit wt (2kg) of water from 0-1 degrees C OR degrees F 1 BTU= Joules=252 cal=.252 kcal 1kWh=2.6 x 10 6 Joules The density of water is 1 gram/milliliter or approximately 8 pounds/gallon (U.S.).

Energy 1. How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one thousand gallons of water by 25°F? 2. By how many degrees Fahrenheit can the temperature of one metric ton of water be raised with the addition of 110 thousand BTUs of heat? 3. If 500 thousand BTUs of energy are available to raise the temperature of a water boiler from 20°F to 100°F, how many gallons of water can be added to the boiler?

Nuclear Fission Nuclear fission (splitting atoms) is the source of energy in today’s nuclear power plants. The reactions used are chain reactions, in which one neutron initiates the reaction of millions of Uranium nuclei. 1 U n 1 Kr Ba n + energy (the 3 neutrons (n) initiate further reactions) 3 U n 3 Kr Ba n + energy (the 9 neutrons initiate further reactions) 9 U n 9 Kr Ba n + energy (the 27 neutrons initiate further reactions) This continues until there are millions of neutrons being produced and millions of times more energy, as well. A moderator and control rods are used to absorb neutrons to prevent the chain reaction from getting out of control which would result in a meltdown.

Many slides adapted from : David Hong Diamond Bar High School -Look at an APES rubric and realize how many points you can get for stating the obvious You know this. Don’t be afraid to state the simple and obvious