MCI: GalvaPulse Training Jessi Meyer Andrea Hansen Matt Drew

What is a GalvaPulse? The GalvaPulse can measure current and resistivity by calculating galvanostatic pulse measurements. When the galvanostatic pulse measurements are performed the Half-Cell Potential, the Corrosion Rate, and the ohmic Resistance can be determined, all in one operation. Basically, the GalvaPulse can tell you how much corrosion you have now and the potential for corrosion in the future.

Why Use a GalvaPulse? Determine Corrosion Rates Measure Half-Cell Potentials Predict the lifetime of a structure Proactively extend your structure’s lifespan Provide data to show that product is decreasing rate of corrosion compared to control

Corrosion Rate Estimations Key parameters involved in corrosion rate estimations include the concrete material, rebar conditions, humidity, and temperature. Using all of this information, lifetime predictions of the concrete can be made.

Scope Measuring the corrosion rate or half cell potential of reinforcement embedded in concrete. The galvanostatic pulse measurement technique is a fast polarization technique for determination of the actual corrosion rate at the time of testing.

GalvaPulse Testing

Preparing for the Test If rebar is not exposed or visible, it will need to be located using the reinforcement locator. –Hold reinforcement locator away from body in the air (away from concrete and other metals). –Turn on the reinforcement locator until sound is coming up and the red light is turned on. –Turn the knob slightly backwards until the sound disappears. –The locator is now adjusted to its maximum sensitivity. –Locate the centerline of the bars in each direction by means of the sound and the red indicator lamp.

Preparing for the Test To gain access to rebar after it is located Drill with the 18mm drill bit to the reinforcement, on the centerline. Continue drilling with the 12mm drill bit sideward so the drill bit is touching the bar. Blow the hole free from dust and insert the adapter bolt in the hole with the sloping edge of the bolt resting against the bar. Turn the bolt firmly with the 10mm Allen key for the threads of the bolt to cut into the bar.

Preparing for the Test Wetting the Surface Per ASTM C It is recommended to wet the surface where testing will take place three times every 15 minutes before testing will begin. Wetting should be done uniformly at every test point on the grid.

Turning GalvaPulse On Turn on the GalvaPulse by pressing On/Esc. –The GalvaPulse has an automatic screen shut-off to save battery life. If Idel is not on top of screen, select FORCE icon and press enter. If Idel shows on top of screen, press Menu key.

Entering the GalvaPulse Settings Select SETTINGS Select TIME 10 seconds is the default setting for taking GalvaPulse readings and should always be used Press Enter

Enter Galvanic Pulse Current Select SETTINGS Select CURRENT Range is μA. –Default is 25 μA, and is used for passive areas. –For active areas, use μA. –For VERY ACTIVE, a current up to 400 μA can be necessary to obtain a reasonable polarization. Always use as low of current as possible to minimize polarization. Press Enter

Entering Rebar Settings Select SETTINGS Select REBAR Enter DIAMETER in mm and press down Enter LENGTH in mm and press down –Default is 70 mm, equal to the diameter of electrode (guard ring). Press down and then Enter –Area will automatically calculate Press Enter

Entering Guard Settings Select SETTINGS Select GUARD Only turn off if not using guard ring sensor, i.e. rebar is cut at both ends. If this is the case, you will also need to change the length in rebar settings. Press Enter

Entering Grid Settings Select SETTINGS Select GRID Default settings will display If total number of test points is not known, use Default parameters. Press Enter

Saving Settings Select SETTINGS Select SAVE Press Enter

Creating New Data Files There are two different data files that can be created: –Half-Cell Potential (HCP) Data Files are used when only the HCP is needed. –GalvaPulse Data Files are used when both HCP and Pulse Readings are wanted.

Creating a New Data File Select ACTION Select “New HCP” or “New Pulse” and press Enter. Select B Drive by using arrows. –B Drive is Cortec’s memory card Press down arrow and create a file name Press Enter when finished

Opening Existing Data Files Select ACTION Select “Load HCP” or “Load Pulse” and press Enter Select drive on which file is stored Find File Name Press Enter to open file

Taking Measurements Once surface has been completely prepared and dampened, connect all wires. Ensure a proper connection of pliers to the exposed rebar. –Pliers may not make a complete connection to the metal surface. –Some sanding may be required if corrosion already exists on the rebar.

Taking Measurements Wet sponges and insert smaller one into center hole. Attach other sponge to electrode head by mounting the holes in sponge around the three screws. Place electrode on level concrete surface directly over the same exact rebar to which pliers are connected. Ensure all three screws are resting against the surface. Make sure there are no puddles of water.

Taking Measurements Once the electrode is in place: –Press the arrow keys to change the coordinates of the measuring points (from start point to end point). –Press the M key to start the measurement. –Keep electrode completely steady while count measurement is being made

Taking Measurements When pulse is finished, a graph will appear in the plot area. –A valid reading shows points increasing over time without a large scatter –A decreasing graph is a sign of a false reading Repeat measurement, and if graph is still decreasing, adjust settings. –Repeat measurement if large scatter is shown

Trouble with Measurements If data plot is decreasing, is a scatter, or you receive a pop up screen saying “Please make a new measurement”, repeat measurement in same location. If several attempts are unsuccessful, testing parameters can be changed in SETTINGS.

Trouble with Measurements If you are having trouble getting a valid reading, try the following steps, ONE AT A TIME, before retaking a measurement. –Move the electrode to a new spot a few centimeters away and try again –Check connection to rebar and make sure it is clean and tight –Re-wet surface, wait 10 minutes, and try again –Increase the current by a factor of two

A Good Measurement If a nice, increasing, non-scatter plot is displayed after measurement is made: –Press right arrow to find the next measurement point –Repeat same steps for new point

Import Settings to Computer

Interpreting Measurements The following are characteristics of corroding steel reinforcement: 1) -400 to -500 mV for HCP (Ag/AgCl) 2) 5 to 20 μA/cm2 for Corrosion Current 3) 1-4 KOhm for Electrical Resistance

Interpreting Measurements The following chart is used to correlate corrosion current, corrosion rate, corrosion level and time to visible deterioration as shown.

Interpreting Measurements The climate information for the day and weather history should also be included and taken into consideration of interpretation of measurements. One place weather history may be found is Half-Cell Potential (HCP) readings, visual inspections, and comparisons to control areas, etc. are also information that should be taken into consideration of interpretation.

Exiting the Program Select ACTION Select EXIT –It is safe to press the OFF button and leave the GalvaPulse in this state. It will start with the same display the next time it is turned on. Disconnect all wires and place components back into case. Make sure sponges are removed from electrode to prevent corrosion, but do not seal wet sponges in plastic bag as they will become rotten. If rings become corroded, they need to be grinded to a smooth finish using emery cloth.

Some FYIs Changing batteries –GalvaPulse contains two AA batteries and one 3V battery Do NOT change all three at the same time, for loss of data may occur Calibration –Instrument should NOT be re-calibrated

Documentation Documents –Laboratory Reports Storage –The above referenced quality documents are stored in accordance with the (Document Control SOP) (\\..ReferenceDocuments\ QMS\QualityRecordsMatrix.doc)Document Control SOP) (\\..ReferenceDocuments\ QMS\QualityRecordsMatrix.doc)

References Manual “GalvaPulse GP-5000 Instruction and Maintenance Manual”, German Instruments, Inc., May, Manual “GalvaPulse™ Instruction and Maintenance Manual”, FORCE Technology, 2008 Binder “GalvaPulse Literature”, German Instruments, Inc., July 2004