What Is Physics?

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Presentation transcript:

What Is Physics?

Galileo Principle: -recognize that a scientific problem exists; -state a hypothesis, an educated guess about the problem; -predict the consequences of the hypothesis; -perform experiments to see if the predictions occur; -formulate the simplest general rule that organizes the hypothesis, predictions and experimental results into a theory.

Sir Isaac Newton under an apple tree…

Models of Atom JJ Thomson: PLUM PUDDING!

Models of Atom Ernest Rutherford: PLANETARY MODEL!

What is light? Sir Isaac: PARTICLE! Huygens: No way! It’s a wave! Albert Einstein and Max Planck: Guys, guys! You BOTH are right!

Is the following hypothesis scientific? (a)“The alignment of planets in the sky determines the best time for making decisions” (b)“Intelligent life exists on other planets in the universe” (c)“Life forms evolve from simple to more complex forms”

Which if these are scientific hypothesis? (a)Atoms are the smallest particles of matter that exist. (b)Space is permeated with an essence that is undetectable. (c)Albert Einstein was the greatest physicist of the twentieth century.

Measurements

UNITS of SI system For now we are interested in the base quantities of length, time, and mass. In the SI system (formerly known as the MKS system), their units are: Quantity unit symbol length meter m time second s mass kilogram kg

1 meter (abbreviated m) was originally chosen to be one ten-millionth of the distance from the Earth’s equator to either pole (1790). 1 second (s) was defined as 1/86400 of a mean solar day.

Power of Ten Notation

Some Lengths or Distances Proton radius m Atom m Football field length 10 2 m Earth diameter 10 7 m Earth to Sun m Farthest galaxy visible m

Some Masses Electron kg Proton kg Mosquito kg Person 10 2 kg Earth 6x10 24 kg Sun 2x10 30 kg Galaxy kg

Some Typical Time Intervals Lifetime of very unstable particle s Lifetime of muon s One day 10 5 s One year 3x10 7 s Length of recorded history s Life on Earth s Age of Universe s

Order of Magnitude

1.What are the criteria for accepting a theory as a physics law? 2.What role does the prestige of the scientist play in accepting a theory as a physical law? 3.What is the height of typical person, in centimeters? The length of typical newborn baby? The typical height of a bedroom ceiling? 4.What is the typical mass of 6-foot tall male, in kilograms? Of a 5-foot 6-inch tall female in kilograms?

SUMMARY For a new idea to be accepted, it must (1) agree with the existing data; (2) make predictions that can be tested, and (3) have a scientific basis. The measurement system used in science is the metric, SI system, based on meter, kilogram, and second. The sizes of objects studied in physics range from entire Universe down to neutrons and protons.

Describing Motion: Kinematics in one dimension Kinematics is a part of mechanics, which is the description of how objects move.

Translational motion

Reference Frame

Speed Speed is a measure of how fast object moves, measured by a unit of distance divided by a unit of time.

Instantaneous Speed Average speed doesn’t indicate the different speeds that may have taken place during shorter time intervals.

Average Speed average speed = total distance traveled/ time elapsed Total distance traveled = average speed X time