Ch. 2 Sec. 1 Measures in Science.

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Ch. 2 Sec. 1 Measures in Science

Metric System & SI Units French Scientists adopted metric system in 1795 Metric system uses powers of 10 10 millimeter = 1 centimeter 10 centimeter = 1 decimeter 10 decimeter = 1 meter There are 7 base units

Base units Chart SI Base Units Base Quantity Base Unit Symbol Length Meter m Mass Kilogram kg Time Second s Temperature Kelvin K Amount of Substance Mole mol Electric Current Ampere A Luminous Intensity Candela cd

Derived units Combination of the base units Speed or velocity = meters per second, m/s Energy = joule, kg m2/s2

SI Unit Prefixes Prefix Symbol Multiplier Sci. Notation Pico p 1/1,000,000,000,000 10-12 Nano n 1/1,000,000,000 10-9 Micro µ 1/1,000,000 10-6 Milli m 1/1,000 10-3 Centi c 1/100 10-2 Deci d 1/10 10-1 Kilo k 1000 103 Mega M 1,000,000 106 Giga G 1,000,000,000 109 Tera T 1,000,000,000,000 1012

Scientific Notation Able to make using really large or small numbers easier Expressing decimal numbers in powers of 10 N x 10n Move decimal point until only one non-zero digit remains Count the number of spaces and use that as exponent Earth to Mars = 227 800 000 000m 2.278 x 1011m Mass of electron = 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 911 kg 9.11 x 10-31kg

Express in Sci. Notation 5800 450 000 302 000 000 86 000 000 000 0.000 508 0.000 000 45 0.0003600 0.004

Express in Sci. Notation

Converting Units What is the equivalent in km of 670 m? 1 km = 1000 m (1000 m)/ (1 km) = 1 Using a Conversion Factor you can determine the relationship between two units Multiplier equal to one 670 m = (670 m) (1 km / 1000 m) (670 m x 1 km) / 1000 m = 0.670 km Label units will cancel out

Converting Units Practice 1.1 cm  meters 76.2 pm  millimeters 2.1 km  meters 2.278 x 1011 m  kilometers 147 g  kilograms 11 Mg  kilograms 7.23 µg  kilograms 478 mg  kilograms

Converting Units Practice 1.1 cm  1.1 x 10-2 m 76.2 pm  7.62 x 10-8 mm 2.1 km  2.1 x 103 m 2.278 x 1011 m  2.278 x 108 km 147 g  1.47 x 10-1 kg 11 Mg  1.1 x 104 kg 7.23 µg  7.23 x 10-9 kg 478 mg  4.78 x 10-4 kg

Adding and Subtracting in Sci. Notation When adding or subtracting, make sure the powers of 10 are the same (10N) 4 x 108 + 3 x 108 (4 + 3) x 108 7 x 108 (4.1 x 10-6) – (3.0 x 10-7) (4.1 x 10-6) – (0.30 x 10-6) (4.1 – 0.30) x 10-6 3.8 x 10-6

Multiplying & Dividing in Sci. Notation Multiply or divide the values and the units Add (if multiplying) or subtract (if dividing) the exponents (4 x 103 kg)(5 x 1011 m) (4 x 5) x 103 + 11 kg•m 20 x 1014 kg m  2 x 1015 kg m (8 x 106 m3) / (2 x 10-3 m2) (8/2) x 106 – (-3) m(3-2) 4 x 109 m If units have powers, add or subtract accordingly