Section 1.1 What is Psychology?

Levels of Analysis Biological Cognitive Sociocultural Case Study of Andrea Yates

Building Blocks of Scientific Psychology Theories and Empirical Studies Theories: Explanation for a psychological phenomenon. Built on Concepts (hypothetical construct) that are tested using tools. Ex. Self-efficacy (one’s own belief about success in something)

Bandura’s Theory Self efficacy determines how hard you will try to do something.

Theory in Practice Why do some talented people not achieve their potential?

Dweck’s Theory Explained how people view success and intelligence Fixed mindset vs. growth mindset Explain

Dweck’s Findings Fixed mindset at risk for underachievment Praising intelligence reinforces fixed mindset. Limits intellectual growth

Critical Thinking Ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgements on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence, rather than emotions, beliefs, myths, and anecdotes.

Critical Thinker Profile Questions assumptions and biases Evaluates available evidence and relates it to a theory or opinion. Considers alternative interpretations. Avoids emotional reasoning Does not jump to oversimplified conclusions Knows that plausible conclusions are based on evidence Is willing to reassess conclusions if new information appears Is able to tolerate some uncertainty

How can you demonstrate critical thinking skills in psychology? Evidence Tests of the theory Representative groups Realistic conditions Peer review