Expansion under the Prophet Mohammad, Expansion during the Rightly Guided Caliphate, Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate,

 Islam means literally, “Surrender.”  Only one god: The creator, sustainer, and restorer of the world  God’s will is shown through the Qur’an, or Koran  All must submit to God’s will

 The man who the Qur’an was revealed to  The founder and spiritual leader of Islam  Born in Mecca, Arabia, around 570 CE  Believed to be the last of God’s prophets  An (the?) Islamic line of prophets: Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus

(8 th -13 th centuries)

 The Islamic world was between Africa, Asia, and Europe, making it a popular trade destination  Goods, languages, and ideas all came to the Middle East

 Advanced systems of Crop rotation Irrigation Study of diverse crops Citrus fruits came from China Mangos, rice, and sugar cane from India

 Women were allowed to work in a wide variety of jobs

Muslims created the first: Public Hospital Public Library University Observatory

 Globalization is combining economies from around the globe  Involved formerly isolated civilizations in huge business network

 The following modern economic elements were already used during the Islamic Golden Age: Free markets Big businesses Savings accounts Checks Credit Contracts Lawsuits

 Soap bar  Shampoo  Hard alcohol  Coffee (brought from Ethiopia)  Windmill  Pleasure gardens  Filtration

 Hindu-Arabic Numeral System  Decimal Point  Invented Algebra

 Advanced math means more possibilities for Engineering Science Economics

 Water filtration  Anything that requires construction (Most of everything that you can see right now required engineering)  Buildings…

 The scientific method was used to disprove old ideas and prove new ones  Alchemy – European “science” that tried to turn basic metals into gold. Also tried to cure diseases, and extend life.  Alchemy was first disproven by al-Kindi, then other Arabs  The Greek “classical elements,” (Earth, air, fire, etc.) were disproven by al-Razi.

 Ibn al-Haytham proved that vision was caused by light rays entering the eye  Momentum and inertia discovered by Haytham and Avicenna  Another Arab discovered that objects in space followed the same physical laws as the Earth

 Used science to treat injuries and cure illnesses instead of superstition  Discovered that microorganisms caused infectious disease  Separated ppl with diff. diseases  Proved that the Greek idea that the human body was made up of only four things was wrong

 Hospital  Medical School  Autopsy  Experimental surgery  Pathologists

Turn and talk with ONE person about whether or not you think Islam is responsible for all these great advancements