Chapter 2: Utah’s Geology Natural Forces Shape the Land of Utah Explain how natural forces shape the living environment and landscape. Investigate how natural forces shape the local environments. Predict how natural forces affect environments; e.g., earthquakes, volcanic action, mudslides, flooding, erosion.

Bell Activity Define “fracture” and “fault” in your study guide. This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly! Define “fracture” and “fault” in your study guide. Find the word on your study guide and complete the following information for the word. Find the definition using a glossary. Use your own knowledge and experience to complete the rest of the definition. Then work on your dinosaur reading from yesterday, and answer questions 6-8 on your study guide. Where should your backpack be?

Does your work look something like this? word: fracture My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like this? word: fracture My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: a broken surface or crack Draw a picture of it: Sentence: The fracture in the earth showed where the fault was located. Synonym/ Example: break, crack; fault Antonym/Non-Example: solid, unbroken

Does your work look something like this? word: fault My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like this? word: fault My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: a fracture in the Earth’s Draw a picture of it: surface Sentence: The fault generated a large earthquake that caused considerable damage. Synonym/ Example: break; Wasatch, San Andreas Antonym/Non-Example: solid, unbroken

Bell Activity Read page 34-35 in your textbook. This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly! Bell Activity Read page 34-35 in your textbook. Answer questions 11-18 on your study guide. If you finish early, work on other questions in the study guide. The test is four school days away! Get the Study Guide done!! Where should your backpack be?

Today we will be learning about… Social Studies Objective – We will be able to identify and describe the natural processes that have shaped Utah. Behavior Objective – Work Ethic: We will stay on task and complete our work. Language Objective – We will be able to use what we learn to write an outline for an essay. Explain how natural forces shape the living environment and landscape. Investigate how natural forces shape the local environments. Predict how natural forces affect environments; e.g., earthquakes, volcanic action, mudslides, flooding, erosion.

Natural Forces Shape Utah Mountain Building Faults Volcanoes Erosion

Natural Forces Shape Utah Name Hour Date Mountain Building Erosion Natural Forces Shape Utah Faults Volcanoes

Our Environment has been shaped & continues to be shaped by natural forces.

Mountain Building How were the mountains we see here in Logan created? They began to be created in the late Mesozoic era and early part of the Cenozoic era. Plate movements have created forces that changed the land and created mountains.

Plates moving together The Atlantic and Pacific plates are in continual movement. When they push together they can create mountains. Other plates around the world do this too.

Mountain Ranges in Utah Many of our mountains are new, in geologic time. The Uinta’s are much older. Do you notice anything unusual about the Uinta’s when you compare them to the other ranges in Utah?

Mountain Building

The Rocky Mountains are unusual The Rocky Mountains are unusual. They were not created in the typical way. The Rockies Video

Faults shape the earth Where plates create stress in the Earth’s surface, the crust can break. Faults are fractures in the Earth’s surface. They are often where there are mountains.

There are three basic types of faults. Three types of Faults animation Strike-slip faults Normal faults Reverse faults

Logan is also located near a fault Cache Valley is a special kind of valley/basin created by a normal fault. This special landform is called a graben. Grabens & Horsts

Utah’s Faults 90% of Utah’s population live on a fault line. Earthquakes occur where there are fault lines. Earthquake safety is an important thing to talk about at school and at home.

Did you know that Utah has all three types of volcanoes?

Utah’s volcanoes are so old they are hard to see. The Tushar Mountains in Central Utah are stratovolcanoes.

Volcanoes in Utah Volcanoes have played a role in Utah’s past. They also influence our economics in Utah. Volcanoes bring minerals to the surface of the earth that can be mined.

Some types of natural resources are brought to the surface by these forces. Gems stones are formed deep beneath the earth. They are brought to the surface through volcanic activity. Other minerals are also brought to the surface in this way. This is why Kennecott Mine, in the Oquirrh Mountains, has copper.

Want to have a fun and profitable weekend? Try visiting Topaz Mountain! Bixbyite

Topaz Mountain

Wearing away the mountains Utah has also been shaped by other forces, such as wind, water, & ice. These forces create weathering and erosion that reshape mountains, valleys, and our environment. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjVSiuj7Lxk&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tM3x6_vb8_s&NR=1&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Other types of minerals were created by other natural forces. Coal Oil Shale (Fossil fuel clip) Salt Building stones (marble, granite, quartz, etc.) Gravel & sand (left behind by Lake Bonneville) http://www.hk-phy.org/energy/power/source_phy/flash/formation_e.swf

What do you think? What are some of the environmental issues associated with mining and refining of minerals? What are some ways these problems can be solved? What if the problem can’t be solved easily or cheaply? What then should people do?

Utah is an environment shaped by many natural forces.

Essay practice: Let’s use what we have just learned to create an essay outline.

Now try it for yourself.