Module II Soil Stabilization (SS) and Sediment Control (SC) BMPs Topic Overview I Introduction II Soil Stabilization (SS) and Sediment Control (SC) BMPs III Tracking, Wind Erosion, and Construction Site Management BMPs IV Incorporation of Construction Site BMPs into the Design Process V Final Wrap-Up Module II Soil Stabilization (SS) and Sediment Control (SC) BMPs Let the class know we are on the second module and what it is.

Module II Objectives 2 Upon completion, the student will be able to Understand potential erosion and sediment problems Understand water pollution control strategies behind the selection of soil stabilization (SS) and sediment control (SC) practices Select BMPs using the Caltrans-developed process (PS&E level detail) Identify Standard Special Provisions (SSPs) for selected bid line items Let the class know the objectives of this module. Upon completion, the student will be able to Understand the potential erosion and sediment problems on construction sites Understand the water pollution control strategies behind the selection of soil stabilization (SS) and sediment control (SC) practices Select appropriate soil stabilization and sediment control BMPs using the Caltrans-developed process (PS&E level detail) Identify Standard Special Provisions (SSPs) for SS and SC selected bid line items 2

Construction Activities and Storm Water Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Construction Activities and Storm Water Construction projects tend to Disrupt the existing area by exposing soils and changing drainage patterns Store and use materials that contain or are themselves pollutants Require ancillary activities that are potential sources of pollutants Construction Activities and Storm Water Construction projects tend to Disrupt the existing area by exposing soils and changing drainage patterns 3

4 See how beautiful this area is! Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs See how beautiful this area is! 4

Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Now look how this construction project tends to disrupt the existing area! 5

Typical Construction Activities Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Typical Construction Activities Clear and grub Roadway clearing Roadway/structure excavation Channel excavation Utility trenching Dirt hauling Grading Soil/aggregate base stockpiling Irrigation and planting These are typical construction activities: Clear and grub Roadway clearing Roadway/structure excavation Channel excavation Utility trenching Dirt hauling Grading Soil/aggregate base stockpiling Irrigation and planting What potential storm water pollutants can these activities yield? The answer is on the next slide – sediment. These construction activities expose soil, track soil into roadways, stockpile soils. Water added to unstabilized soil will mobilize that soil in the stormwater and create an adverse impact downstream.   What potential storm water pollutants can these activities yield? 6

Potential Construction Site Pollutants Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Potential Construction Site Pollutants Sediment The most common pollutant washed from construction sites, sediment clogs the gills of fish, blocks light transmission, and increases water temperature, harming aquatic life and disturbing the food chain. Sediment is the most common storm water pollutant washed from a construction site. This slide addresses test question 5: Which pollutant is most likely to be discharged from construction sites? (A)Equipment and vehicle fluids. (B)Cementitious materials. (C)Sediment. (D)Dewatering effluent. (E)I don’t know. 7

Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Problems with Soil Stabilization and Sediment Control BMP Implementation Failure to install BMPs Inappropriate BMP selection Failure to use a combination of BMPs Improper BMP installation Inadequate maintenance during construction The problems with soil stabilization and sediment control BMP implementation includes: Failure to install BMPs Inappropriate BMP selection and Failure to use a combination of BMPs 8

Failure to Install BMPs Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Failure to Install BMPs Since sediment is the major pollutant from construction sites, the timely installation of BMPs is imperative. BMPs were not installed when they should have been to control this sediment discharge. 9

Inappropriate BMP Selection Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Inappropriate BMP Selection There are limitations for each Soil Stabilization and Sediment Control BMP. Selecting the appropriate BMP for each application ensures success. Neither the silt fence or the straw bales work well in concentrated flow as check dams. Note the large quantity of sediment down stream of the straw bales and the out flanking on either side. 10

Failure to Use a Combination of BMPs Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Failure to Use a Combination of BMPs The lack of soil stabilization resulted in severe slope erosion. A combination of BMPs is required. Sediment controls are not designed to hold back mountains. A combination is required and necessary to control sediment. Erosion controls should have been used to prevent sediment from detatching at the source to lighten the load on a sediment barrier (The silt fence in the photo). Often these slope stabilization issues are also caused by “run on” issues from above. 11

Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Types of Erosion Explain the different types of erosion briefly. Splash erosion is the detachment of soil particles form rain drops hitting the soil. Sheet erosion is the detachment of soil particles from the movement of water once it starts to accumulate. Rill erosion is the detachment of soil particles from the start of concentrated flows. Gully erosion is a the larger concentrated flow erosion and channel erosion is the largest of concentrated flows. We will see that erosion controls have to be able to prevent these different types of erosion. Some BMPs work for a specific type of erosion and not others. 12

Water Pollution Control Strategies during Construction Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Water Pollution Control Strategies during Construction Prevent storm water contact with disturbed soil areas (DSAs) Protect DSAs from erosion Minimize sediment in storm water before discharge Control discharges of sediment from other sources Prevent non–storm water discharges Prevent storm water contact with other potential construction site pollutants The BMPs that address the top three Water pollution control strategies during construction will be covered in this module: Prevent storm water contact with disturbed soil areas (DSAs) Protect DSAs from erosion Minimize sediment in storm water before discharge The others will be covered in Module III. Test Question 4 is answered here. Stress that this does not include retaining storm water on site. 4. Which of the following is/are not considered a Water Pollution Control strategy for sediment? (A) Place drip pans under construction equipment/vehicles on the project site. (B) Protect disturb soil areas (DSAs) from erosion. (C) Minimize sediment in storm water before discharge. (D) All of the above. (E) I don’t know. 13

Prevent Storm Water Contact with Disturbed Soil Areas Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Prevent Storm Water Contact with Disturbed Soil Areas The BMP used to protect DSAs from rainfall is this one: • Scheduling But what is practicable to protect DSAs from rainfall are implementation of the following BMPs . . . This is the ultimate erosion control – no rain contact with site, no erosion. Scheduling Clearing and grubbing operations around the rainy season - Only clear what’s needed now or in the near future, after completion of a slope, apply final erosion control ASAP Top right photo shows where some vegetation was left in place and they are working near the water body under the bridge outside the rainy season. The bottom left photo is the application of a tackifier over straw, one of the BMPs that might stabilize soil if it is exposed during the rainy season. 14

Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Splash and Sheet Erosion Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Splash and Sheet Erosion This is the BMP used to protect DSAs from these types of erosion: Temporary soil stabilization Soil stabilization is the prevention of erosion – either preventing splash erosion, sheet erosion or the range of concentrated flow erosion. Sediment controls trap sediment after erosion. Soil Stabilization BMPs that protect Protect DSAs from erosion are: temporary soil stabilization - place temporary soil stabilization as required by the tables Hydraulic Mulch Hydroseeding Soil Stabilizers Straw Mulch Geotextiles, Mats/Plastic Covers and Erosion Control Blankets Important to use the appropriate stabilizer - based on the season, length of required service, soil type, slope inclination, proximity to impaired water courses, etc. Photos – top left is applied hydraulic mulch, bottom left is plastic, bottom right is straw mulch. 15

Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Rill Erosion Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Rill Erosion BMPs to protect DSAs from rill erosion are slope interrupter devices: Gravel Bag Berms Fiber Rolls Use slope interruptors, fiber rolls and/or gravel bag berms to protect areas from rill erosion. Photo shows how to use a type 2 fiber roll installation as a slope interruptor with a rolled erosion control product that is covering the soil. The slope interrupter devices shorten the length of slope exposed to runoff before encountering another BMP. This slows the water and prevents it from gaining speed and force, spreads it out to prevent concentrated flow. This prevents the water from picking up soil. 16

Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Gully and Channel Erosion Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Gully and Channel Erosion BMPs used to protect DSAs from concentrated storm water flows are as follows: Check Dams Earth Berms and Dikes Slope Drains Outlet Protection Devices Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Gully and Channel Erosion Top photo shows slope drains taking water from the top of slope to the concrete lined drainage channel at the bottom of the slope. Bottom photo shows how a gravel bag berm can be used as a run-on control but at the same time is used as a runoff control. Checks dams and outlet protection devices slow the flow to prevent flow from gaining force and picking up soil particles in the runoff. Earth berms and dikes can’t prevent water from going down a slope and direct water to preferred drainage area. They can divert water away from areas. These BMPs are important for storm water run-on controls from off-site sources. 17

Minimize Sediment in Storm Water before Discharge Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Minimize Sediment in Storm Water before Discharge Linear Sediment Barriers Silt Fence Sandbag Barrier Straw Bale Barrier Fiber Rolls Gravel Bag Berm Sediment Removal Devices Storm Drain Inlet Protection Sediment/Desilting Basins Water pollution control isn’t quite complete until the sediment treatment BMPs are in place (effective combination of soil and sediment controls)! Sediment controls are designed to detain storm water and settle out sediment. They should be placed at the downhill side of DSAs. Best if used in conjunction with a soil stabilization measure, which in many cases is required by the tables. The upper picture shows a silt fence linear barrier at a toe of a slope. Sediment removal devices, especially storm drain inlet protection should be used in combination with other controls and are the last line of defense. The lower photo shows a Desilting basin (click to bring in pic) which are also an appropriate sediment control. In certain rainfall areas, this BMP may also be required by tables. THIS BMP IS NOT A SUBSTITE FOR A LINEAR SEDIMENT BARRIER OR SOIL STABILIZATION. Remember, calculations and overflow provisions are needed with any use of desilting basins. Test Question 11. Which of the following Construction Site BMPs is/are NOT considered linear sediment barriers? a) Silt Fence. b) Gravel Bag Berms. c) Sediment/Desilting Basin. d) Both B and C. e) I don’t know. 18 18

Example Project PS&E Phase 19 Roadway Widening Central Expressway Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project Roadway Widening Central Expressway Widen from two to four lanes Elevate roadway Construct wall and bridge structures Grade embankments Purpose Assess impacts and problem conditions Select and deploy BMPs Identify SSPs for separate bid line items Note to Instructor: This example project is covered on the next several slides. Don’t try to select all the BMPs on this slide. Refer students to the Exercise tab where there is information on this project. Also, the Reference Tab contains a variety of forms that will be used to complete this exercise. See the Table of contents behind the tab to find the page number of the form. During the sample project, emphasize identifying problems and choosing BMPs to counter the problem. Remind the students that a variety of similar BMPs could be used in each situation. Select one and give reason. Possible reasons: Less expensive, easier to install, contractor familiarity, district preference. Example: Fiber roll or gravel bag berms make good linear controls. Temporary silt fence, on the other hand, is rarely installed correctly and would have to be removed before the end of the contract. PS&E Phase 19 See Exercise Page 1

Additional Right of Way Bridge Structure Embankment Slope Access Road Additional Right of Way Bridge Structure Retaining Wall Drainage System 20 This project will complete the Central Expressway by widening the remaining two-lane portion to four lanes. The roadway will be raised and three of the intersections will be converted to undercrossings with new bridge structures. As the right of way is limited, a combination of 1:2 earth embankments and concrete retaining walls will be used. For the purposes of this example, we’ll work with a single plan sheet representing the west end of the project. At this location, there will be grading for a new embankment slope and an access road will be built. Additional right of way has been obtained for a storm drain outfall near where the bridge structure will be replaced. A new drainage system will serve several roadway drain inlets. The ditch at the drainage outfall flows to Adobe Creek (Sheet P-2). A new concrete retaining wall supports the south side of the roadway and wraps around to contain the abutment. Commercial properties are to the north and south. A temporary construction easement (TCE) has been obtained to facilitate construction. This area will be used by the contractor for staging and material storage.

Project Information 21 Construction Activities Clearing and grubbing Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project Project Information Construction Activities Clearing and grubbing Structure excavation Roadway excavation Roadway grading Cuts and fills Note to Instructor: During the sample project, emphasize identifying problems and choosing BMPs to counter the problem. Remind the students that a variety of similar BMPs could be used in each situation. Select one and give reason. Possible reasons: Less expensive, easier to install, contractor familiarity, district preference. Example: A temporary straw bale barrier may be selected since it is readily available, and is expected to be abandoned in place. A temporary silt fence, on the other hand, is rarely installed correctly and would have to be removed before the end of the contract. 21

More Project Information Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project More Project Information Construction Activities 27 acres of DSA Four construction stages Slopes from flat to 1:1.5 Slope lengths to 125 ft Discharges to an urban channel – Adobe Creek an ESA (not on 303[d] list) Remind the students that a variety of similar BMPs could be used in each situation. Select one and give reason. Possible reasons: less expensive, easier to install, contractor familiarity, District preference. Example: The soil at the site may have a lot of cobbles that could make driving long stakes for silt fence difficult. This could even be the case for the shorter stakes required for fiber rolls. It may be necessary to include gravel bag berms as an option but it might be prudent to warn the contractor that additional maintenance may be required because gravel bags may be degrade in the sun or break open. Don’t use the following example in District 7. Example: Temporary Straw Bale Barrier may be selected since it is readily available, and is expected to be abandoned in place. Temporary Silt Fence, on the other hand, is rarely installed correctly and would have to be removed before the end of the contract. Designate appropriate soil stabilization and sediment control BMPs 22

What’s the first thing we want to do Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project There are no ESAs shown on this plan sheet. There may be some shown on the next sheet where the roadway crosses Adobe Creek. Even so, there is a stand of trees and existing vegetation which do not need to be removed in order for the project to be built. We’ll include some orange plastic boundary fencing, Temp. Fence (Type ESA), to protect this area. We’ll add some text in the Order of Work SSP requiring the Contractor to install this early in the project. What’s the first thing we want to do 23

Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project Has Caltrans developed any aids to assist the Designer with selecting appropriate Soil Stabilization and Sediment Control BMPs? Yes. Take the class to Appendix E of the PPDG to the Construction BMP Consideration form, Page E-18. Or click and describe it on next slide. This slide partly addresses Test Question 13. With which form should the prudent Designer start while selecting Construction Site BMPs? (A)Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Form. (B)Evaluation Documentation Form. (C)Construction Site BMP Consideration Form. (D)Active and Non-Active Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection Form. (E)I don’t know. 24

Construction Site BMP Consideration Form Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project Construction Site BMP Consideration Form This is the Construction Site BMP Consideration Form. It assists you in considering what is happening on your project in the selection of BMPs. This form steps you through project specific issues and helps identify which BMPs are appropriate to address those issues. You do not need to throw every BMP available onto all your projects. If you don’t have a particular issue, you don’t need the BMP to address it. The form is from the PPDG Appendix E and is behind the reference tab on page 1. The PPDG definition of Disturbed Soil Area (DSA): DSAs are areas of exposed, erodible soil, including stockpiles, that are within the construction limits and that result from construction activities. This slide partly addresses Test Question 13. With which form should the prudent Designer start while selecting Construction Site BMPs? (A)Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Form. (B)Evaluation Documentation Form. (C)Construction Site BMP Consideration Form. (D)Active and Non-Active Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection Form. (E)I don’t know. See Reference Material Tab Page 1 25

Checklist CS-1, Part 1 26 3 27.1 ac (11 ha) 17.3 ac (7 ha) Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Example Project The next few slides will explain how to answer these questions. Question 2 has to be estimated using the plans. This relates to topography. The CS-1, Part 1 checklists is from the PPDG Appendix E and is behind the reference tab on page 2. 3 27.1 ac (11 ha) 17.3 ac (7 ha) 7.4 ac (3 ha) 2.5 ac (1 ha) 12.4 ac (5 ha) See Reference Material Tab Page 2 26

Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Example Project (Refer to Table 2-1 of the Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual.) (Refer to Table 2-2, and 2-3 of the Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual Questions 3 and 4 refer to the BMP Manual. We will go there now. 27

28 See Reference Material Tab Page 12 Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project Instruct the class to use this map to answer question #1 and #5 (CS-1 Part 1). This map is from Figure 2-1 Designation of Rainy Seasons, in the Construction Site BMP Manual. It is in the reference Material Tab on page 12. See Reference Material Tab Page 12 28

29 See Reference Material Tab Page 13 Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project Instruct the class to use this table to answer question #3 (CS-1 Part 1). This is Table 2-1 Area Definitions Designation of Rainy Seasons, in the Construction Site BMP Manual. It is in the reference Material Tab on page 13. This table is used to cross reference the district with the area definition. Here, district 7 at an elevation less than 500 m is in area 4. This is geography. This slide also partly answers test question #1. Be sure to stress that the required combination of BMPs is based on geography and topography: #1 To select the required combination of temporary soil stabilization and temporary sediment controls and barriers (Figure 2-1 and Tables 2-1 to 2-3), the designer needs which of the following information? (A)Geographic location and project topography. (B)Annual rainfall totals and soil classification for immediate area of the project. (C)The average number of rainy days for the last five years. (D)Both A and B. (E)I don’t know. See Reference Material Tab Page 13 29

(5) 30 4 4 See Reference Material Tab Page 14 Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project NON-ACTIVE DISTURBED SOIL AREAS (5) SOIL STABILIZATION (5) 4 SEDIMENT BARRIER DESILTING BASIN Instruct the class to use this table for question #4 (CS-1 Part 1). Now, using Table 2-2 Non-Active Distrubed Soil Area, in the Construction Site BMP Manual (Reference Material Tab, Pg 14.) select the proper BMP for the topography on your site. Explain how to do the first couple of questions until the class catches on. Have the second trainer walk around the class to make sure everyone understands the process. Give personal instructions when necessary. This slide also partly answers test question #1. This table uses topography to determine the required combination as well as the geography for the rainfall area. See question in notes on next page. 4 NON- RAINY See Reference Material Tab Page 14 30

31 4 4 See Reference Material Tab Page 15 Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project ACTIVE DISTURBED SOIL AREAS (3) SOIL STABILIZATION 4 SEDIMENT BARRIER RAINY DESILTING BASIN (2) Instruct the class to use this table for questions #4 (CS-1 Part 1). Now, using Table 2-3 Active Disturbed Soil Area, in the Construction Site BMP Manual (Reference Material Tab, Pg 15.) select the proper BMP for the topography on your site. Explain how to do the first couple of questions until the class catches on. Have the second trainer walk around the class to make sure everyone understands the process. Give personal instructions when necessary. This slide also partly answers test question #1. This table uses topography to determine the required combination as well as the geography for the rainfall area. Be sure to stress that the required combination of BMPs is based on geography and topography: Test Question: To select the required combination of temporary soil stabilization and temporary sediment controls and barriers (Figure 2-1 and Tables 2-1 to 2-3), the designer needs which of the following information? (A)Geographic location and project topography. (B)Annual rainfall totals and soil classification for immediate area of the project. (C)The average number of rainy days for the last five years. (D)Both A and B. (E)I don’t know. 4 NON- RAINY See Reference Material Tab Page 15 31

Combination of Soil Stabilization and Sediment Controls and Barriers Season BMP Non-Active DSAs Active DSAs Soil Stabilization Slope Lengths All Slope Inclinations All None * Rainy October 1 - May 1 Sediment Barrier Slope Lengths > 10’ Slope Inclinations > 2:1 Slope Lengths > 10’ Slope Inclinations > 2:1 This is a summary of what we just did using the tables. Desilting Basin None Slope Lengths > 10’ Slope Inclinations > 2:1 Soil Stabilization None None Non- Rainy May 2 - September 30 Sediment Barrier None None Desilting Basin None None * Except prior to predicted rain (Footnote 3)

Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Example Project 4 From the rainfall area table we fill in the answer to 3. We just reviewed the required combination of soil stabilization and sediment controls and barriers so we check complete. We answer 5 based on the duration of the project, expected start date and the rainy season dates. As we include multiple mobilizations we check complete. As we edit the order of work, we check complete. As we edit the permanent erosion or revegetation we check complete. 33

Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Example Project 6. Check yes since there are ESAs within or adjacent to the project. 34

07-345 – Water Pollution Control Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Standard Special Provisions Example Project 07-345 – Water Pollution Control The following contract items of work, as shown on the plans or specified elsewhere in these special provisions shall be incorporated into the SWPPP and identified as permanent water pollution control practices:   A. _____________________ B. _____________________ C. _____________________ There are no ESAs shown on this plan sheet. There may be some shown on the next sheet where the roadway crosses Adobe Creek. Even so, there is a stand of trees and existing vegetation which do not need to be removed in order for the project to be built. We’ll include some orange plastic boundary fencing, Temp. Fence (Type ESA), to protect this area. We’ll add some text in the Order of Work SSP requiring the Contractor to install this early in the project. The Contractor shall construct permanent water pollution control items identified in the SWPPP as specified in "Order of Work" of these special provisions. The Contractor shall maintain the permanent water pollution control items in the locations and condition shown on the plans throughout the duration of the project. 35

07-345 – Water Pollution Control Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Standard Special Provisions Example Project 07-345 – Water Pollution Control Rainy Season Implementation Requirements The Contractor shall provide soil stabilization and sediment control practices during the rainy season between…….. Insert the rainy season dates. Can be taken from Figure 2-1 BMP Manual 2003. During the defined rainy season, the active disturbed soil area of the project shall not be more than 5 acres. The Engineer may approve, on a case-by-case basis, expansions of the active disturbed soil area limit. 36

Standard Special Provisions 37 Scheduling Type BMPs Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project Standard Special Provisions Scheduling Type BMPs 07-485 Move In/Move Out (Temp. Erosion Control) 20-020 Move In/Move Out (Erosion Control) 05-020 Order of Work (refs 07-345, 07-446, S5-760) A complete list of SSPs is included in the reference material tab on Page 18. Preservation of Existing Vegetation Type BMPs 07-446 Temporary Fence (Type ESA) See Reference Material Tab Page 18 37

38 With the embankment protected, we’ll move to the other DSAs. Sliver Fills and Retaining Wall: Since these areas are relatively flat and adjacent to existing landscaped areas, let’s try to get the permanent erosion control for these areas in early (wood chip and bark mulch). Bridge Demo/Contractor Staging Area: These areas will constantly be disturbed throughout construction, so applying permanent measures is not practical. We need a soil stabilization BMP that can be reapplied on a regular basis. A hydraulic mulch consisting of paper fiber and polymer will work well here, possibly a stabilized fiber matrix. This could also be used on the sliver fills and wall construction zone if the permanent mulch can’t be spread in a timely manner. Roadway: The compacted base is scheduled to be placed prior to the rainy season so a source control is not needed. 38

Checklist CS-1, Part 1 39 Example Project Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Example Project 39

Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection BMPs Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection BMPs Example Project 07-371 Temporary Soil Binder 07-380 Temporary Mulch 07-381 Temporary Hydraulic Mulch (Bonded Fiber Matrix) 07-382 Temporary Hydraulic Mulch (Polymer Stabilized Fiber Matrix) 07-390 Temporary Erosion Control Blanket 07-395 Temporary Cover Talk generally about the soil stabilization methods briefly. Some cover the soil, some bind to the soil, some prevent splash erosion, some prevent sheet erosion and rill erosion. Then click to the next slide that directs them to the temporary stabilization selection criteria matrix. A complete list of SSPs is included in the reference material tab on Page 18. Do all soil stabilization methods work the same? See Reference Material Tab Page 18 40

Temporary Stabilization Selection Criteria Matrix TEMPORARY SOIL STABILIZATION CONTROL CRITERIA CLASS TYPE Antecedent Moisture Availability Ease of Clean-Up Installed Cost Per Ha EC Effectiveness (%) Degradability Length of Drying Time (hrs) Time to Effectiveness (days) Longevity Mode of Application Residual Impact Native Runoff Effect Water Quality Impact CATEGORY: STANDARD BIODEGRADABLE MULCHES (SBM) Straw Mulch Wheat Straw D S H $5,200 90-95 B 1 M L/M + Rice Straw L Wood Fiber Mulch Wood Fiber $2,200 50-60 0-4 Recycled Paper Mulch Cellulose Fiber $2,100 Bonded Fiber Matrix Biodegradable $13,600 12-18 CATEGORY: ROLLED EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS (RECP) Jute Mesh $16,000 65-70 UNK Curled Wood Fiber $26,000 85-90 P/B Straw $22,000 Coconut Fiber $32,000 Coconut Fiber Mesh $77,000 Straw Coconut Fiber $27,000 Non-Biodegradable Plastic Netting $5,000 <50 P Plastic Mesh $8,000 75-80 Synthetic Fiber with Netting $86,000 Bonded Synthetic Fibers $121,000 Combination with Biodegradable $79,000 CATEGORY: TEMPORARY SEEDING (TS) High-Density Ornamentals S-M $1000 - $4000 28 M-L L-M N/E Turf species $900 M-H Bunch grasses $750 - $3200 N Fast-Growing Annual $900 - $1,600 L-H Perennial $800 - $2000 Non-Competing $700 - $4000 Non-Native $1000 - $1200 E Sterile Cereal Grain $1,200 CATEGORY: IMPERVIOUS COVERS (IC) Plastic Rolled Plastic Sheeting $17,000 100 - Geotextile (Woven) $14,800 CATEGORY: HYDRAULIC SOIL STABILIZERS (HSS) (PBS) Plant Material Guar $1,000 80-85 0/+ M/L Based- Short Lived Psyllium 25-35 L/H Starches 25-30 9-12 (PBL) Plant Material Based- Long Lived Pitch/ Rosin Emulsion $3,000 60-75 19-24 (PEB) Polymeric Acrylic polymers and copolymers 35-70 P/C +/- Emulsion Blends Methacrylates and acrylates 35-40 W Sodium acrylates and acrylamides 20-70 Polyacrylamide 55-65 4-8 Hydro-colloid polymers 25-40 (PRB) Petroleum/ Resin-Based Emulsions Emulsified Petroleum Resin 10-50 0/- (CBB) Cementitious Based Binders Gypsum $2,000 75-85 Same as Length of Drying Time. M/H = not applicable for category, class or type = unknown Temporary Stabilization Selection Criteria Matrix Table C-2 can be found in Appendix C of the PPDG. The temporary stabilization selection criteria: antecedent moisture, availability, ease of cleanup, installed cost, erosion control effectiveness, degradability, length of drying time, time to effectiveness, longevity, mode of application, native, residual impact, water quality impact. This Table is from the PPDG and is included as a handout in the reference material table page 16. If you are not comfortable picking BMPs, there are many people on your team who can advise you in the selection of the right combination of BMPs for your site. (ie. Landscapers, construction RE.) A variety of soil stabilization BMPs are compared using several selection criteria. These include installed cost, longevity of effectiveness, availability, mode of application, and water quality impact. See Reference Material Tab Page 16 41

Specify Soil Stabilization Type Protect DSAs from splash and sheet erosion by applying soil stabilization BMPs 42 Adobe Creek These are the embankment areas that we will specify a soil stabilization type for and we show the areas so we can estimate quantities. With the embankment protected, let’s discuss other DSAs. Sliver Fills and Retaining Wall: Since these areas are relatively flat and adjacent to existing landscaped areas, let’s try to get the permanent erosion control for these areas in early (wood chip and bark mulch). Bridge Demo/Contractor Staging Area: These areas will constantly be disturbed throughout construction, so applying permanent measures is not practical. We need a soil stabilization BMP that can be reapplied on a regular basis. A hydraulic mulch consisting of paper fiber and polymer will work well here, possibly a stabilized fiber matrix. This could also be used on the sliver fills and wall construction zone if the permanent mulch can’t be spread in a timely manner. Roadway: The compacted base is scheduled to be placed prior to the rainy season so a source control is not needed.

What’s next? Is there any help out there? 43 Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project What’s next? Of course. We go back to the Checklist CS-1, Part 1. Is there any help out there? 43

Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Example Project The next category is slope interruptor devices. We will check off the completed items and then place them on the drawing to estimate quantity. 44

Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Example Project The next category is channelized flow. We will check off the completed items and then place them on the drawing to estimate quantity. 45

Slope Interrupter and Channelized Flow BMPs Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project Slope Interrupter and Channelized Flow BMPs Slope Interrupter Type BMPs 07-420 Temporary Fiber Roll 07-470 Temporary Gravel Bag Berm Here are the SSPs for slope interruptor and channelized flow type BMPs. A complete list of SSP is included in the reference material tab on Page 18. Channelized Flow Type BMPs 07-390 Temporary Erosion Control Blanket 07-415 Temporary Check Dam SS-9 Earth Dikes/Swales and Ditches SS-10 Outlet Protection/Velocity Dissipation Devices SS-11 Slope Drains 46

Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection by Slope Interrupter Devices Installing fiber rolls along the contours at regular intervals is an effective method of decreasing slope length. There are not many temporary controls that can be used to reduce slope steepness. Place fiber roll on slopes at the following spacing unless the plans show a different spacing:  1. 10 feet apart for slopes steeper than 2:1 (horizontal:vertical) 2. 15 feet apart for slopes from 2:1 to 4:1 (horizontal:vertical) 3. 20 feet apart for slopes from 4:1 to 10:1 (horizontal:vertical) 4. 50 feet apart for slopes flatter than 10:1 (horizontal:vertical)   Apply appropriate devices to create slope breaks 47

DSA Protection by Controlling Concentrated Flows 48 Protect DSAs from concentrated flows by applying Dikes and berms Slope drains Check dams DSA Protection by Controlling Concentrated Flows Divert Runoff from DSA: Although we don’t plan to treat the roadway with source controls, it’s important to consider what is happening with the drainage and runoff. Since the pavement will not be in, the curbs and dikes will not be in place either. A storm could drop adequate rain to sheet flow across the grade. At a low point, it would concentrate and flow down the embankment eroding a gully. In addition to the straw and tack, we need to protect the slope from concentrated flows. A berm constructed or earth or gravel filled bags, as shown here, would direct the flow to the drainage inlet. If the DI is not functional, then some sort of down drain or culvert should be considered. One item to consider, in a project of this scope, all the work is not done at the same time and the conditions change, and route of concentrated flow changes as the work progresses. The BMPs must address concentrated flows prior to installation of inlets, and then inlet protection once the inlets are functional.

We’ve done what we can to keep sediment in its place We’ve done what we can to keep sediment in its place . . . Are we done selecting appropriate Construction Site BMPs for the erosion process? Note: This is still the example project. Read the slide and click to the next slide for the answer. 49

Let’s select the appropriate sediment controls for our example project No!!! We need an effective combination of soil stabilization and sediment control measures. Remember the difference between erosion control (soil stabilization) and sediment control. Erosion control prevents or slows the erosion process – source control. Sediment controls trap sediment after soil particles are already detached by erosion. Let’s select the appropriate sediment controls for our example project 50

Okay, where should the prudent Designer start? Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project Okay, where should the prudent Designer start? This slide with next slide addresses test question 13: With which form should the prudent Designer start while selecting Construction Site BMPs? (A)Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Form. (B)Evaluation Documentation Form. (C)Construction Site BMP Consideration Form. (D)Active and Non-Active Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection Form. (E)I don’t know. 51

Construction Site BMP Consideration Form Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project Construction Site BMP Consideration Form This slide with previous slide addresses test question 13: With which form should the prudent Designer start while selecting Construction Site BMPs? (A)Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Form. (B)Evaluation Documentation Form. (C)Construction Site BMP Consideration Form. (D)Active and Non-Active Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection Form. (E)I don’t know. See Reference Material Tab Page 1 52

Checklist CS-1, Part 2 53 See Ref Tab Page 5 Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Checklist CS-1, Part 2 Example Project Go through this part of the checklist with the class. This slide addresses Test Question 11: Which of the following Construction Site BMPs is/are not considered linear sediment barriers? (A)Silt Fence. (B)Gravel Bag Berms. (C)Sediment/Desilting Basin (D)Both B and C. (E)I don’t know. See Ref Tab Page 5 53

Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Checklist CS-1, Part 2 Example Project Go through this part of the checklist. Maybe have the class take turns reading. 54

Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Checklist CS-1, Part 2 Example Project Go through this part of the checklist. Maybe have the class take turns reading. (Refer to Tables 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 of the Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual for rainfall area requirements.) 55

Sediment Control BMPs 56 Linear Barrier (Perimeter/Run-off Controls) Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project Sediment Control BMPs Linear Barrier (Perimeter/Run-off Controls) 07-420 Temporary Fiber Roll 07-430 Temporary Silt Fence 07-460 Temporary Straw Bale Barrier 07-420 Temporary Gravel Bag Berm 07-XXX Temporary Sand Bag Barrier A complete list of SSP is included in the reference material tab on Page 18. 07-XXX Temp San Bag Barrier is a Non Standard SSP. Non-standard edits (NSSPs) must be cleared through the Office of Storm Water Management Design (OSWMD) unless a different owner is noted. Some specifications only exist as NSSPs and always require HQ concurrence. Here are the linear barrier BMPs. 11. Which of the following Construction Site BMPs is/are not considered sediment barriers? (A)Silt Fence. (B)Gravel Bag Berms. (C)Storm Drain Inlet Protection. (D)Both B and C. (E)I don’t know. See Reference Material Tab Page 18 56

More Sediment Control BMPs Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems Water Pollution Control Strategies Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs Example Project More Sediment Control BMPs Perimeter/Run-On Controls SS-9 Earth Dikes/Swales and Ditches SC-5 Fiber Roll SC-6 Gravel Bag Berm SC-8 Sandbag Barrier SC-9 Straw Bale Barrier Some of these are repeats on purpose. For example, fiber rolls can be used as linear barriers for runoff control and as perimeter barriers for run-on control. Storm Drain Inlet Protection BMPs 07-490 Temporary Drain Inlet Protection 57

Perimeter Controls – Run-off Control Consider the trapping ability of Linear sediment barriers Perimeter controls 58 Here the perimeter control BMP is a temporary silt fence. It will function to trap sediment in runoff before it leaves the site. Even though we have source controls and fiber rolls on the embankment slope, we can use a linear sediment barrier to trap sediment at the toe of slope. It is common to use silt fence, but a variety of measures have been identified for this: 07-420 Temporary Fiber Roll 07-430 Temporary Silt Fence 07-460 Temporary Straw Bale Barrier 07-420 Temporary Gravel Bag Berm 07-XXX Temporary Sand Bag Barrier It is not the case here, but the toe of an embankment slope is often at the edge of the project (and right of way).

Perimeter Control – Run-on Controls This project also requires a large construction easement. The need for constructions easements should be identified as early as possible in the planning process but no later than PA/ED. Water that could run-on to the project needs to be controlled as well. Here, a perimeter barrier will direct the run-on away from the work area. Our BMPs for run-on are: SS-9 Earth Dikes/Swales and Ditches SC-5 Fiber Roll SC-6 Gravel Bag Berm SC-8 Sandbag Barrier SC-9 Straw Bale Barrier Also, it appears there will need to be a temporary construction easement. It is the PEs responsibility to identify the areas and the need for an easement as early in the process as possible, certainly by PA/ED. Route storm water around or through the construction site 59

Storm Drain Inlets 60 Identify existing drain inlets Identify proposed drain inlets Protect drain inlets 60 Although they are rarely at the physical perimeter, drainage inlets are usually the last point to trap pollutants before the storm water enters a municipal storm drain system or water body. Here are the existing drain inlets. The proposed drain inlets. Drains to MS4. Drains to Adobe Creek. Add temporary drainage inlet protection to each inlet. 07-490 Temporary Drain Inlet Protection

Module II Summary 61 We have just covered the following topics: The potential erosion and sediment problems on construction sites The water pollution control strategies behind the selection of soil stabilization and sediment control practices The selection of appropriate soil stabilization and sediment control BMPs using the Caltrans-developed process Identifying SSPs that will be included in the PS&E process Go through the summary of what was covered. At the end of module IV, we will discuss how to estimate the costs for these BMPs for the PS&E phase. 61

Questions -Any questions? 62

Can you believe it? A few more questions In some cases, the permanent erosion controls may be installed early in a project when that area will not be disturbed and will serve to reduce erosion during the remainder of construction. (i.e. jute bags mesh on a slope.) Fiber rolls, gravel bag berms, silt fence, sand bag barrier and straw bale barriers (Not District 7) The water pollution control strategies for sediment are: Prevent storm water contact with disturbed soil areas (DSAs) Protect DSAs from erosion Minimize sediment in storm water before discharge Control discharges of sediment from other sources Question 4. Which of the following is/are NOT considered a Water Pollution Control strategy for sediment? (A) Place drip pans under construction equipment/vehicles on the project site. (B) Protect disturb soil areas (DSAs) from erosion. (C) Minimize sediment in storm water before discharge. (D) All of the above. (E) I don’t know. Permanent Erosion Control (e.g. Erosion Control (Type D)) is not intended to be used as a Construction Site BMP? Name a few sediment barriers (as intended in Tables 2-2 & 2-3). What are the Water Pollution Control Strategies for sediment? 63