Entering My Haul Road Profile ©2009 Dr. B. C. Paul Note- This presentation draws on previous notes developed as early as 2000 and contains numerous screen shots from the program FPC developed by Caterpillar Equipment Company

Our Next Task l When working with FPC software the next info that must be input to go forward is the haulage route We know that we have a 17,000 foot trip each way to each of two destinations We will have two routes – each composed of a loaded haul and an empty return l Of course conditions will vary along the route and so we break the route into segments that have similar conditions

Dividing Haulage Profile l Road Segments Divide When There is a major change in grade (slope) There is a major change in underfoot conditions There is a major change in vehicle operating considerations Starting Stopping Major Turns

What is Major? l Depends in part on what you are doing Computer Methods favor greater detail Hand methods favor more moderation l Good intuitive Check is whether sustained enough to change vehicle speed

Roads Produce Forces that Influence Vehicle Movement l Roads slope up hill and down This will cause gravity to work for or against the forward movement of the truck It is called grade resistance l The common unit of Grade Resistance is % Example – if a road goes up 1 foot for every 10 feet of distance it is called 10% grade (note that 1 is 10% of 10) l Note that we are not using slope angles

Other Forces l Trucks are subject to wind or air resistance Air resistance increases dramatically with speed For a car going 70 mph wind resistance is one of the largest opposing forces Haul trucks lumber along at slow paces and wind resistance is usually considered 0 for an engineering approximation.

Rolling Resistance l Tires Sink into Ground - softer ground sink more l Tires Flatten l Driving uphill out of a rut on a flat tire spot l Need to Know Underfoot conditions and Type of Tire (Radial or Bias Ply)

Data Comes From an All Knowing Table

Reading the Table l Note that Table Gives either lbs/ton or % Grade l One way to treat rolling resistance is as a equivalent grade Puts in the same units as grade resistance so they are additive l We will ignore the lbs/ton system for now, but it will become an issue later

Inputting Our Route Click on the Haul Road Tab

Name the Course and the Amount of Material I’m going to consider the route To the regular oil shale Refinery I know 66,500,000 tons of the 70,000,000 tons of production Are going here.

Type in My Info I also need to supply my material Weight characteristics. Since I Know it is 2107 lbs/cubic yard Loose I could type it in. Or I can click on select material And a whole table of Caterpillar Material weight data will appear

It Turns Out I Can Pick Shale from the List and Click OK

The Data Appears

Now I Need to Describe My Haulage Route I will need to identify the length of the segment, the grade resistance, A rolling resistance, a speed limit (if needed), and a description (which Comes in very handy during later review)

My Haulage Profile l My loading bench is level and I will go 550 feet to the ramp to get out of the pit. l Issue #1 – part of that distance will be in a congested loading area I will probably want a speed limit on that area different than for the bench as a whole

When I Entered 150 ft and 0 % Grade Another line appeared for more of the route. I entered 0% grade Because the bench itself is level. Now I need a speed limit

Congested Area Guidelines (From Surface Mining - First Edition) I’m going to consider my conditions average.

Enter the Data and a Description Now I need a rolling resistance. This is packed earth and most Cat Trucks now have radial tires.

Hard Smooth Stabilized Surface I like 1.7 for our established haul road with Radial tires

Enter the Information Next 4500 feet out of the pit and then 7200 feet down a canyon

Enter the Data Now what about the grade resistance – what is positive and what is Negative?

Sign Conventions and Resistance l Standard Convention A positive resistance resists motion A negative resistance favors motion l Note that rolling resistance will always be positive because it always resists motion no matter what the direction l That 10% grade out of the pit is +10 l That 5% grade down the canyon is -5

Enter the Rest of the Route I did put a 30 Mph limit on the Trucks going Down the Canyon due to Road winding

Now for the Return Trip If you will use the Same road on the Return – just going The other way Just click Mirror Haul Road

Return Route Automatically Appears Of course I Still need to Put in the Descriptions Since they do Not reverse In Mathematically Predictable ways

Enter the Descriptions A problem for the 789.It will use Drive by loading So the route Across the bench Cannot be Mirrored. That is where the Insert and delete Segment buttons Allow for minor Modifications. (Also works good For I forgots)

Now We Need to Add the Secret Course Click add course to add the Next course. (Some mines may have separate Ore and waste routes and Separate fleets. You can enter Any number of routes and then Select which trucks will use Them. Not every truck set must Use every route)

Input the Second Course Uranium diversion tonnage

The Secret Route Note high rolling resistance for the loose sand and low resistance for the Paved tunnel