Ultra-high-speed all-optical networking technologies for next generation networking Mikio Yagi, Shiro Ryu (1), and Shoichiro Asano (2) 1: Information and Communication Labs., Japan Telecom Co., Ltd. 2: National Institute of Informatics Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks September 29, 2004

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 2 Agenda Future network features and applications Key technologies and issues for realization of all-optical network Our recent activities –Field trial 1 : Application of all-optical regeneration system –Field trial 2 : Application of automatic chromatic dispersion compensator Conclusion

Future network features and applications

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 4 Network applications for world-wide high-speed network GRID computing Genome information analysis High energy and nuclear fusion research Space and astronomical science IT-Based Laboratory (ITBL) Storage area network (SAN)

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 5 What is needed for future network ? Task Result Communication style –Human to human –Human to computer –Computer to computer Bit-rate free Protocol free Network topology free High capacity Short delay High security On demand Global GRID computing

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 6 Current network : IP-based Network “PRISM” GSR PRISM: Progressive Revolutionary Integration on Service Media DWDM IP based client 10G POS ring using MPLS Customer router Electrical processing equipments

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 7 Future network: All-optical network DWDM Mesh Network IP router PXC Photonic crossconnect Interwork DWDM Any client signal GMPLS: Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching All-optical processing equipments

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 8 Features of all-optical network High speed / High capacity Short transmission delay time High security Protocol free Bit-rate free Topology free On demand These functions are essential for the future network applications.

Key technologies and issues for realization of the all-optical network

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 10 Key technologies for the future network (1) Physical layer Control plane Others –Transport layer –Management –Service application

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 11 Key technologies for the future network (2) : Physical layer Switching technologies on repeater node –Optical crossconnect (OXC)/Photonic crossconnect (PXC) High-speed Switching –Link aggregation –Optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM) –Optical queuing All-optical signal processing technologies –All-optical regeneration 2R regeneration (regeneration and reshaping) 3R regeneration (regeneration, reshaping, and retiming) –Optical wavelength conversion –Compensation of fiber parameter effect (Chromatic dispersion / Polarization-mode dispersion) Optical signal quality measurement technology Fiber array Micro mirror (MEMS mirror) Fiber array Optical Signal Optical Signal Micro mirror array 3 Dimension Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (3D MEMS) 1㎜1㎜

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 12 Key technologies for the future network (3) : Physical layer Switching technologies on repeater node –Optical cross connect (OXC)/Photonic cross connect (PXC) High speed Switching –Link aggregation –Optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM) –Optical queuing All-optical signal processing technologies –All-optical regeneration 2R regeneration (regeneration and reshaping) 3R regeneration (regeneration, reshaping, and retiming) –Optical wavelength conversion –Compensation of fiber parameter effect (Chromatic dispersion / Polarization-mode dispersion) Optical signal quality measurement technology

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 13 What’s problem on physical layer ? In the future all-optical network –The route of the path changes dynamically Network protection/restoration Reconfiguration of peer-to-peer wavelength path service Fiber parameters along the path are changed after reconfiguration.

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 14 Fiber parameters cause signal degradation Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) 40Gbit/s data signal receiver Compensation of signal distortion Y X Y X X Y 40Gbit/s data signal transmitter Chromatic dispersion (CD) Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 15 Compensation technologies on each effect Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) Y X Y X X Y Chromatic dispersion (CD) Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) All-optical signal regeneration All-optical 2R regeneration All-optical 3R regeneration All-optical signal regeneration All-optical 2R regeneration All-optical 3R regeneration PMD compensator CD compensator

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 16 Key technologies for the future network (4) : Physical layer Switching technologies on repeater node –Optical crossconnect (OXC)/Photonic crossconnect (PXC) High-speed Switching –Link aggregation –Optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM) –Optical queuing All-optical signal processing technologies –All-optical regeneration 2R regeneration (regeneration and reshaping) 3R regeneration (regeneration, reshaping, and retiming) –Optical wavelength conversion –Compensation of fiber parameter effect (Chromatic dispersion / Polarization-mode dispersion) Optical signal quality measurement technology

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 17 Key technologies for the future network (5) : Control plane MPLS IP +Label Label Path GMPLS λ （ Lambda ） SONET/SDH Etc. Fiber Generalized MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) –Control and signaling mechanisms of MPLS label path have been extended in order to apply those mechanisms to not only label paths, but also SONET/SDH paths, lambda paths and etc. MPLSMPLS is the set of extensions to OSPF, IS-IS, and RSVP to support the routing of paths (aka traffic engineering) MP SMP S is a concept that says the MPLS control plane can be leveraged to support routing of lambda paths GMPLS non-packetGMPLS is the realization of the MP S concept, created by extended MPLS to support non-packet paths ( ’ s, time-slots, fibers)

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 18 Key technologies for the future network (6) Physical layer Control plane Others –Transport layer –Management –Service application There are a lot of issues to resolve for realization of the all-optical network.

Our recent activities

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 20 Super SINET project Super SINET is an ultrahigh-speed network intended to develop and promote Japanese academic researches by strengthening collaboration among leading academic research institutes. High energy and nuclear fusion Space and astronomical science Genome information analysis (bio- informatics) Supercomputer-interlocking distributed computing (GRID) Nanotechnology

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 21 Our challenge For realization of future ultra-high-speed all-optical network –Physical layer Field trials –Application of all-optical 2R regeneration system –Application of automatic chromatic dispersion compensation system –Control plane –Service application

Field trial 1: Application of all-optical 2R regeneration system

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 23 How can all-optical 2R regeneration be realized? 2R regeneration : –regeneration and reshaping Amplified amplitude Noise of level 1 Noise of level 0 Input signal Input vs output characteristic of an optical device that has non-linear effect

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 24 How can all-optical 2R regeneration be realized? (Cont.) 2R regeneration : –regeneration and reshaping Amplified amplitude Noise suppression Noise of level 1 Noise of level 0 IN OUT Input signal Input vs output characteristic of an optical device that has non-linear effect Output signal An electro-absorption modulator (EAM) has the effect of noise suppression. Optical device Input Output Optical device

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 25 Research background The optical signal quality is degraded by the loss of the OADM system. The OADM system causes the signal quality degradation for the through signal at the destination. WDM It is necessary to compensate for the degradation. Optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM)

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 26 Research background (Cont.) WDM 2R regeneration system The optical signal quality is degraded by the loss of the OADM system. The OADM system causes the signal quality degradation for the through signal at the destination. It is necessary to compensate for the degradation.

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 27 Research background (Cont.) This experiment –40-Gbit/s 12-channel WDM field trial using an installed 320- km-long fiber. –Applied OADM system with an all-optical 2R regeneration system. This experiment –40-Gbit/s 12-channel WDM field trial using an installed 320- km-long fiber. –Applied OADM system with an all-optical 2R regeneration system. WDM 2R regeneration system

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 28 Location and cable for the 2R system field trial in Tokyo area Fiber type : SMF Shinjuku Station Tokyo Station Total fiber length : 80 km x 4 spans = 320 km National Institute of Informatics (NII) Building 4.5-km-long installed fiber cable 11.7-km-long installed fiber cable

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 29 Our transmission system 40-Gbit/s receiver Bit-error rate tester (Performance evaluation) 40-Gbit/s transmitter Repeater

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 30 Performance evaluation : Q-factor off on  1 +  0  1 -  0 Q =  1: ON level average value  1: ON level noise standard deviation  0: OFF level average value  0: OFF level noise standard deviation Histogram Q=20dB :: BER= 8× Q=17dB :: BER= 1× Q-factor ++ Transmission quality ++

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 31 Performance evaluation cases WDM 1.Dropped at 160-km by the OADM ; “Dropped at 160km” km transmission without 2R; “320km w/o 2R” km transmission with 2R: “320km with 2R.” R regeneration system

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 32 Result of 320-km transmission with OADM / 2R system WDM R regeneration system Dropped at 160-km Q-factor: 18.8dB 320-km w/o 2R Q-factor: 16.9dB 320-km with 2R Q-factor: 17.7dB 1.9dB degradation 0.8dB improvement

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 33 Discussion OADM system with/without 2R regeneration system –0.8-dB improvement over 320-km transmission with 2R –Nearly the same as the quality of the signal dropped at 160-km. From a point of view of the system design, –It is preferable that transmission characteristics of the express channel and the dropped channel are equal. We have confirmed that the all-optical 2R system has the possibility to realize such a condition in an OADM system.

Field trial 2: Application of automatic chromatic dispersion compensator

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 35 Influence of chromatic dispersion 40Gbit/s data signal Receiver Compensation of signal quality 40Gbit/s data signal Transmitter When the wavelength path is dynamically reconfigured, accumulated physical parameters including chromatic dispersion (CD) are changed. –CD is one of the most important parameters for the system over 40 Gbit/s.

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 36 Influence of chromatic dispersion (Cont.) 40Gbit/s data signal receiver Compensation of signal quality 40Gbit/s data signal transmitter short Group delay large long Group delay small Index of reflection z long Input Output Reflect point of input signal depends on wavelength. It causes the difference of group delay. short Tunable chromatic dispersion compensator - Chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) -

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 37 Automatic chromatic dispersion compensator 40Gbit/s data signal receiver Automatic chromatic dispersion compensator 40Gbit/s data signal transmitter Signal quality monitoring (Q-factor, Bit-error rate) Hill-climbing method Tunable chromatic dispersion compensator Device controller Input Output

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 38 Performance evaluation Rerouting operation − GMPLS signaling − Operation of automatic chromatic dispersion compensator

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 39 Sequence of path setup and operation of automatic chromatic dispersion compensator GMPLS control plane GMPLS Control plane Data plane 40-Gbit/s receiver -DEMUX Automatic chromatic dispersion compensator -MUX PXC 1. Path Setup Request 2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup ) 3. RSVP - RESV Service plane 1. Service request 2. Path setup 4. Service in

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 40 Sequence of path setup and operation of automatic chromatic dispersion compensator GMPLS control plane GMPLS Control plane Data plane 40-Gbit/s receiver -DEMUX -MUX PXC 1. Path Setup Request 2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup ) 3. RSVP - RESV Service plane 1. Service request 2. Path setup 4. Service in Automatic chromatic dispersion compensator Automatic chromatic dispersion compensator

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 41 Experimental result Variation of Q-factor in case of network protection operation Network protection operation by switching a line between Line1 and Line 2 at second span in every 10 minute. Line2 Line1 Recovery time : 40 sec

Efforts to improve the time for CD compensation - GMPLS multilayer integration –

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 43 Make the CD compensation operation faster 40Gbit/s data signal receiver Automatic chromatic dispersion compensator 40Gbit/s data signal transmitter Signal quality monitoring (Q-factor, Bit-error rate) Hill-climbing method Tunable chromatic dispersion compensator Device controller Input Output Quality measurement (Q-factor, BER) takes long time ( ~ 40 sec). Measurement of CD makes path setup faster The multilayer integration among a GMPLS control plane, a measurement plane, and a data plane is essential.

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 44 Sequence of the multilayer integration GMPLS control plane GMPLS Control plane Data plane 40-Gbit/s receiver Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) -DEMUX Chromatic dispersion compensator -MUX PXC Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) Measurement plane 1. Path Setup Request Data plane 2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup ) 3. RSVP - RESV Service plane 1. Service request 2. Path setup

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 45 GMPLS Control plane Data plane 40-Gbit/s receiver -DEMUX Chromatic dispersion compensator -MUX PXC Sequence of the multilayer integration GMPLS control plane Measurement plane 1. Path Setup Request Data plane 2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup ) 3. RSVP - RESV 4. Data plane setup 5. CD measurement Service plane 1. Service request Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter)

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 46 GMPLS Control plane Data plane 40-Gbit/s receiver -DEMUX Chromatic dispersion compensator -MUX PXC Sequence of the multilayer integration GMPLS control plane Measurement plane 1. Path Setup Request Data plane 2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup ) 3. RSVP - RESV 4. Data plane setup 5. CD measurement Service plane 1. Service request 7. Set the value to CD compensator 8. Service in 6. Receive the measured CD value Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) Chromatic dispersion compensator CD value

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 47 Location and experimental setup of field trial in Kyusyu area GMPLS control plane Data plane Yame Station Fukuoka Station Tosu Station Route 3 (66-km NZDSF) Route 2 (35-km NZDSF) Route 1 (35-km SMF) First span (66-km NZDSF) Second span Third span (31-km NZDSF) Route 3 (31-km NZDSF) Kyushu University 40-Gbit/s receiver Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) -DEMUX Chromatic dispersion compensator Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) -MUX PXC Kyushu University GMPLS controller GMPLS controller GMPLS controller GMPLS controller Optical amplifier SC-DCF Optical amplifier SC-DCF VOA Optical amplifier GMPLS controller 40-Gbit/s, 24-channel WDM transmitters SC-DCF: Slope-compensating dispersion compensation fiber, PXC: Photonic cross-connect

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 48 Error count v.s. time in rerouting operation Fig.a : Error count v.s. time in rerouting operation. Fig.b : Error count v.s. time in rerouting operation (details).

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 49 Discussion A field trial of GMPLS multilayer integration among a GMPLS control plane, a measurement plane, and a data plane for ensuring the quality of a 40-Gbit/s wavelength path is effective for the GMPLS all- optical rerouting The time for the start of the service after a fault was measured to be about 8.4 seconds. A field trial of GMPLS multilayer integration among a GMPLS control plane, a measurement plane, and a data plane for ensuring the quality of a 40-Gbit/s wavelength path is effective for the GMPLS all- optical rerouting The time for the start of the service after a fault was measured to be about 8.4 seconds.

Conclusion

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 51 What to do for the future network further ? Higher capacity switching Routing processing for large scale network Higher speed transmission system technologies (160 Gbit/s …..) Signal quality monitoring method based on all-optical processing Network security (data plane, control plane) There are a lot of issues to resolve for realization of the all-optical network. There are a lot of issues to resolve for realization of the all-optical network.

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 52 Future network applications GRID computing Genome information analysis High energy and nuclear fusion research Space and astronomical science IT-Based Laboratory (ITBL) Storage area network (SAN)

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 53 Thank you for your kind attention !

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 54

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 55

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 56 Future network application Heterogeneous Networks

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 57 GRID world map

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 58 Network controlled by GMPLS in unification Integrated transport layer Wavelength, time- slot, label PXC User SONET/SDH, WDM, PXC Photonics cross connect WDM Label switch router Label switched path(LSP) layer Service layer Dynamically reconfigurable transmission line IP service, IP-VPN, Ethernet service, wavelength path service User Photonics cross connect Comprehensive service management (quality control, surveillance, control and management)

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 59 Application : Dynamic wavelength service On-demanded wavelength path service GMPLS control plane NOW! Path Setup PXC NOW! Path Shutdown

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 60 Dynamic wavelength service Scheduled wavelength path service PXC GMPLS control plane PXC 10:00 Path Setup 12:00 Path Shutdown 10:00 Path Setup Schedule a path Wavelength network

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 61 Dynamic wavelength service Wavelength VPN Company A PXC DWDM link Company A Company C Company B Company C VPN-1 VPN-2 VPN-3

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 62 Dynamic wavelength service Wavelength VPN (cont.)

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 63 Experimental setup-2 Measurement cases: MUX CH1 CH2 CH12 Optical receiver DEMUX 1.Without transmission line; “back-to-back.” AWG Fourth span fiber Pre-amplifier + SC-DCF Third span fiber In-line amplifier + SC-DCF km transmission without 2R/ with OADM; “320km w/o 2R” 2R km transmission with 2R and OADM: “320km with 2R.” Second span fiber Post amplifier + SC-DCF In-line amplifier + SC-DCF First span fiber AWG 2.Dropped at 160-km by the OADM ; “Dropped at 160km” In-line amplifier + SC-DCF

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics km with 2R 320-km w/o 2R Dropped at 160-km Result of 320-km transmission with OADM / 2R system BER vs received optical power Q-factor: 16.8dB Q-factor: 17.7dB Q-factor: 18.8dB 2.0dB degradation 1.2dB improvement 0.9dB improvement 1.6dB degradation

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 65 Field trial setup for the CD compensator in Tokyo area First span fiber Third span fiber Post amplifier + SC-DCF Pre-amplifier + SC-DCF In-line amplifier + SC-DCF MUX 1ch 2ch 24 ch 40-Gbit/s x 24-channel WDM transmitter PXC Automatic chromatic dispersion compensator SMF 80km SMF90km (-200 ～ 200ps/nm) Signal quality measurement Line1 Line2 DEMUX ( 80km ) GMPLS control plane In-line amplifier + SC-DCF Second span fiber SC-DCF: slope-compensating dispersion compensation fiber

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 66 Control plane operation for network protection The protection function is based on GMPLS protocol. –RSVP-TE (Resource reservation protocol-traffic engineering) messages are used. The protection function is based on GMPLS protocol. –RSVP-TE (Resource reservation protocol-traffic engineering) messages are used. PXC2 PXC1 Line1 Line2 Set up TE-Link Signal power down RSVP-NOTIFY RSVP-TEAR RSVP-PATH / RESV PXC1 PXC2 Message flow (path initiator)

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 67 PXC2 PXC1 Protection performance by control plane operation The protection time includes time for –Optical power detection, –The RSVP-TE signaling, –Optical switch stabilization. Input signal Output signal Line1 Line2 Protection time : 1.2 sec Protection time : 1.3 sec

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 68 Experimental results Transmission experiments without network protection Transmission over 240-km-long installed fiber Optical eye diagram after transmission using Line1 Optical eye diagram after transmission using Line

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 69 Experiment A fault is generated in every three minute for initiating a rerouting operation. Signal performance is evaluated by measuring the error count. GMPLS Control plane Data plane 40-Gbit/s receiver Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) -DEMUX Chromatic dispersion compensator Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) -MUX PXC Route 3 (66-km NZDSF) Route 2 (35-km NZDSF) Route 1 (35-km SMF) Route 3 (31-km NZDSF)

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 70 Sequence diagram of multilayer integration in rerouting operation GMPLS control plane Error detection ( CD compensator setup) Service down RSVP - TEAR Fault localization RSVP - PATH Set testing mode Request to setup data plane Receive the request Start measurement of CD Finish measurement of CD Announce measured CD value Set the value to CD compensator Receive measured CD value Finish to set the value Ready for data plane ( CD measurement ) Receive the ready Service in Clear testing mode Time [ms] ,967 7,789 7,801 RSVP - RESV 164 Chromatic dispersion measurement : 4,802 ms Chromatic dispersion compensator setup : 2,822 ms Measurement plane Data plane

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 71 Sequence diagram of multilayer integration in rerouting operation GMPLS control plane Error detection ( CD compensator setup) Service down RSVP - TEAR Fault localization RSVP - PATH Set testing mode Request to setup data plane Receive the request Start measurement of CD Finish measurement of CD Announce measured CD value Set the value to CD compensator Receive measured CD value Finish to set the value Ready for data plane ( CD measurement ) Receive the ready Service in Clear testing mode Time [ms] ,967 7,789 7,801 RSVP - RESV 164 Chromatic dispersion measurement : 4,802 ms Chromatic dispersion compensator setup : 2,822 ms Measurement plane Data plane

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004 Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics. 72 Eye diagram Route 1Route 2 Route 3