V. Marchante, F. Martínez-Verdú, L. Lin University of Alicante University of Leeds CREATE conference Gjøvik 2010 colour in art, science, design, conservation, research, printmaking, digital technologies, textiles. Gjovik University College, Gjovik, Norway 8 th -11 th June

Concept Participants Technical Objectives Progress beyond the state-of-the-art Impact Conclusion References 2

CONCEPT GREENER Improve, develop and implement sustainable and environmentally friendly nanopigments, based on nanoclays and colorants (natural, thermochromic, photochromic, electroluminiscence) 3

PARTICIPANTSGREENER ParticipantOrganization nameCountryOrganization type 1The University of LeedsUKPublic University 2The University of AlicanteSpainPublic University 3TNONetherlandsResearch Organization 4TolsaSpainMultinational Industrial Company 5HMG Paints Ltd.UKSME 6Coulers De PlatesFranceSME 7HuntsmanSwitzerlandMultinational Industrial Company 8METLAFinlandResearch Organization 9Nesil Co. Ltd.TurkeySME 4

TECHNICAL OBJECTIVES GREENER Create technologies enabling the production of nano-pigments : Environmentally friendly ways Sustainable raw materials Objectives Preparation of nano-pigments based on nano-clays and dyes (natural or synthetic) Surface treatment technologies for nano-clays to improved dye fixation Surface treatment technologies for nano-pigments to improve light-fastness, weather-resistance, fatigue cycle and dispersibility. Applicability of the GREENER nano-pigments in printing inks, paints and coatings. Applicability of the GREENER nano-pigments in photovoltaic devices. Evaluation of the environmental impacts of the GREENER nano-pigments. Commercial exploitation and dissemination of GREENER nano-pigments 5

PROGRESS BEYOND THE STATE-OF-THE-ART GREENER Current State-of-the-art Nanopigment (Planocolors®): good carrier for dyes Challenges: –Strong bonding –Lower stability compared to organic pigments –Lack of special functionalization –Lack of industrial application Few reports about environmental impacts Not research in photovoltaic devices Progress State-of-the-art Nano-pigments based on natural dyes Wide colour gammut Functionalised nanopigments (photochromic, thermochromic, electrochromic) Surface treatment technologies for nanopigments Environmental impacts of nanopigments and nanoclays Application of nanopigments in photovoltaic devices, inks, paints, coatings. 6

IMPACTGREENER 1.Strategic impact –Improve technologies –Application of nanotechnologies –Strengthening EU’s leading position implementing nanotechnologies 2.Enhancement of environmental sustainability of manufacturing process 3.Promote markets for “green nanotechnology” 4.Replace hazardous substances and reduce non-eco waste material. 7

CONCLUSIONGREENER Challenging cooperative work Great variety of fields and industrial applications: textile, polymers, printing inks, etc. Improvement of life quality Highly competitive environmentally friendly European industry Enhance and boost European institutions in nanoscience and nanotechnology 8

REFERENCES World Dyes & Organic Pigments, The Freedonia Group Inc., May P.M. Ajayan, L.S. Schadler and P.V. Braun, Nanocomposite Science and Technology, Weinheim, WILEY-VCH, 2003 Y-W. Mai and Z.-Z. Yu, Polymer Nanocomposites, Woodhead Publishing Ltd. and CRC Press LLC, London, Q. Zeng, Fundamental studies of organoclays and polymer nanocomposites, University of New South Wales, H. Fischer, Polymer nanocomposites: from fundamental research to specific applications, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 23,763–72, G. Buxbaum and G. Pfaff, Industrial Inorganic Pigments, Weinheim, Wiley-VCH, K. Hunger, Industrial Dyes: Chemistry, Properties and Applications, Weinheim, Wiley-VCH, W. Herbst and K. Hunger, Industrial Organic Pigments, 3 rd ed., Weinheim, Wiley-VCH, P. Bamfield, Chromic Phenomena: Technological Applications of Colour Chemistry, Cambridge, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, S-H. Kim, Functional Dyes, Elsevier, Amsterdam, E.B. Faulkner, R.J. Schwartz, High Performance Pigments, 2 nd ed. Weinheim, Wiley-VCH, B. Acklam, Reactive dye coloration of clay composites, PhD Thesis, Department of Colour Science, The University of Leeds, V. Marchante, F. Martínez-Verdú, A. Marcilla, M. Beltrán, Colorimetric properties of thermoplastic polymers coloured with blue nanopigment and conventional blue pigment, Proceedings of the 11 th AIC Congress, Sydney, , H.R. Fischer, L.F. Batenburg, H.A. Meinema, M.P. Hogerheide and C.H.A. Rentrop, EP , Nanocomposite Coatings,

GREENER Contact 10