Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.1 relative costs 70 % 13 % 14 % 3 % component tests part component tests detail tests coupon tests

plastic zone resin matrix fiber 8-10 µm b a resin G (J m ) Ic -2 composite G Ic (J m -2 ) :1 Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.2

standard carbon-fiber IM carbon-fiber laminate fracture toughness G (J m ) IIc -2 residual compressive strength after impact (MPa) Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.3

0 +45 [0/+45/90/-45] S Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.4

specimen plate test tensile compressionshear flexure laminating winding ring 0°-ring 90°-tube tube plate Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.5

cap strip adhesive layer specimen  Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.6

Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.7

linear analysis planar analysis a b Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.8

fiber orientation in the cap strip ° cap strip clamping devices 15 45° Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.9

Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.10

cap strip clamping devices center holes (optional) 2–10 Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.11

center holes (optional) 2–10 Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.12

specimen brittle failure with smooth fracture surface brittle failure with brush-like fracture surface Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.13

A B C D  (%) 0.05 % – 0.25 % secant line  (MPa) Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.14

Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.15

failure buckling shear failure in-plane failure caused by longitudinal crack formation brooming Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.16

g/h EP/CF A B C B  (MPa) Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.17

strength modulus load application by the front face of the specimen d c b a Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.18

b a c Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.19

load application by four-point bending cover layer 1 honeycomb cover layer 2 F/2 compression failure d 1 d 2 F/2 d < d 1 2 Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.20

Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.21

Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.22

L = 8 d = v = 1.25 mm min v = 1 mm min 25 L d = 4 [0] [ 45] L = d = L d = 5 [0] [ 45] ba Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.23

45° -45° 10° 45° 10° + off-axis tensile test Iosipescu shear test two-rail three-rail shear test Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.24

150 45° cap strip clamping devices 25 45° specimen x y strain gauge x 45 Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.25

determination of G 12  ’ =  ’’ =  ’  12  ’’  (MPa) 12 Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.26

150 45° cap strip clamping device 25 45° specimen x y strain gauge rosette x 10° Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.27

F 45° strain gauge R 8 b a Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.28

tensile or compression loading center beam slips through the guide strain gauge b a Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.29

b a F movable adjustable jaw rigid strain gauge base plate shear plane 90° d=12.7 w Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.30

F/2 Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.31

–3.5 Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.32

Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.33

mode I plane crack opening mode II in-plane shear mode III out-of-plane shear Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.34

glued loading blocks 3–5 mm a = 50 mm B = 20 mm distance 10 mm hinge bands 225 mm Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.35

a 1 a 2 AA v (mm) L F (N) Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.36

a 2d F Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.37

a L L d Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.38

4ENF-specimen base plate a L 01 2 Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.39

a 2d L F Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.40

2d c F rotation center a LL back gauge and stirrup Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.41

shear layer clamping layer F a L B F d 2 d 1 Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.42

-30/90  x Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.43

specimen with hole F F ba Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.44

peel arm (thickness d) clamped arm of the laminate  peel angle peel load F laminate (width B) b a Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.45

peel load F peel arm 1 peel arm 2   specimen (width B) b a Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.46

rigid layer flexible layer b a Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.47

impact 500 µm Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.48

A (Nm) H EP/CF BMI/CF A (mm ) s 2 Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.49

strain gauges impact position b a Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.50

EP/CF BMI/CF A (Nm) H  (MPa) M Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.51

 (MPa) M EP/CF BMI/CF A (mm 2 ) s Chapter 10: Altstädt, V.: Testing of Composite Materials. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition Fig.: 10.52