Video Pupillary Tracking Systems as a Method for Interfacing Jesse McVaney BME 281 – Oct 23,2012

History 1879: Louis Emile Javal – observes eye movement during reading. - Edmund Huey creates early eye tracker 1970: Hunziker creates video/glass technique to track eye movement. 2000’s: Open Source software and inexpensive parts allow for inexpensive video trackers

Fig.1: Reading gaze (public domain) Fig. 2: Hunziker’s 8mm film through Glass technique

Video Pupillary Technique Micro controller/ processor Software Output Signal Emitter Diode Collector Diode & Camera Infrared light

The output signal form the software is interpreted as a coordinate system. The camera must be calibrated using a dot array on a computer screen (Abbott & Faisal) This method allows for eye tracking to interface with computer equipment.

Tobii X60 Eyetracker GT3D Tracker

Advantages Non- Invasive Little to no training Small and portable Fast information rate Parts are relatively inexpensive.

EEG Brain interface : 1.63 bits/sec Cortical invasive interface : 3.3 bits/sec EMG/speech recognition : 6.13 bits/sec Video Eye Tracking: 1100 bits/sec

Uses Due to its high sample rate, eye tracking could be used to more easily control prosthetics. Control Equipment such as machinery/ wheel chairs Interface with computers for web browsing/ word/image processing, etc. Research and Marketing

Future Cost reduced Computer interfacing not just for disabled Smaller, more portable units Better controls for non 2D interfacing

Sources Cited Wikipedia: Eye Tracking http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_tracking, 2012 Hans-Werner Hunziker: Visuelle Informationsaufnahme und Intelligenz: Eine Untersuchung über die Augenfixationen beim Problemlösen. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Psychologie und ihre Anwendungen, 1970, 29, Nr ½ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eye_tracking_thru_glass.JPG 2012 Abbott W, Faisal A. BMC Neuroscience. Ultra Low Cost eyetracking as an high information throughput alternative to BMIs 112 (1): 103,2011 Tobii X60 http://www.tobii.com/en/eye-tracking-research/global/products/hardware/tobii-x60x120-eye-tracker/ Abbott W, Faisal A. GT3D Tracker.CNN:$30 gadget lets you control computer with your eyes. < http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/24/tech/mci-eye-tracking-gadget/index.html> 2012 Tobii Glasses < http://www.tobii.com/eye-tracking-research/global/products/hardware/tobii-glasses-eye-tracker/ >