THE NATURE OF SCIENCE Biology

and You

STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT

PrefixSymbolFactor NumberFactor Word Kilok1,000Thousand Hectoh100Hundred Decada10Ten Decid0.1Tenth Centic0.01Hundredth Millim0.001Thousandth  Base METRIC SYSTEM

Volume? Liter (L) milliter (mL) gram (g) kilogram (kg) milligram (mg) Mass? Distance? meter (m) kilometer (km) centimeter (cm) millimeter (mm) Base Units

English SystemMetric System 1 inch 1 foot 2.5 cm meter 1 mile1.6 kilometer 1 cup 1 quart 4 quarts (1 gal) 0.24 liters 0.95 liter 3.8 liters 1 ounce 1 pound 28 grams 0.5 kilogram Distance Volume Mass

khda BASEd c m KingHenry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk km = ____ meters Decimal moves: k  h  da  m = 3 times to the right = 20,000 m mg = ______ grams gram  d  c  m = 3 times to the left = 0.2 g Examples: Metric Conversions kilohecto deca(da) BASE deci centi milli

Practice Conversions Fun Sheet

Unit = Celsius Freeze 0 o C Boil 100 o C Body 37 o C Room Temp o C Temperature = 32 o C 212 o C 98.6 o C o C

EQUIPMENT

Mass Triple Beam Balance Unit? Distance Meter Stick Metric Ruler Unit? Volume Graduated Cylinder Beaker Erlenmeyer Flask Unit? Microscope Glass Slide Cover Slip Random Test Tube Test Tube Clamp Petri Dish Pipette Syringe Scalpel Forceps Temperature Thermometer (Celsius) Hot Plate Unit? Time Stop Watch Unit?

LABORATORY SAFETY

Chemical Safety

Fire Safety

Safety Symbols

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Scientific Method 6 Steps: 1. Identify the problem/ Form a question 3. Hypothesis 4. Controlled Experiment Observations 5. Record and Analyze Data 6. Conclusion

Maggots “appear” on Meat

1. Problem/Question:

2. OBSERVATIONS: (relevant to question)

3. HYPOTHESIS: (educated guess) Has to be testable “If.., then…” statement

4.EXPERIMENT - Controlled Experiment = only one variable is changed. - Variable = factors that can change.

PROCEDURE Controlled Variables: Manipulated Variables: “Independent Variable” Uncovered jarsCovered jars Several days pass Maggots appear No maggots appear Responding Variable: “Dependent Variable” Keep the same Change intentionally Changes due to IV

5.RECORD and ANALYZE DATA: - Quantitative = numbers by measuring or counting (Chart/Graph) - Qualitative = description (chart)

6. CONCLUSION: “The Hypothesis was correct. Maggots form only when flies come in contact with meat.” -Hypothesis correct/incorrect -Statement of results - Errors and Improvements

Several days pass Maggots appear No maggots appear Scientific Method 1. Question 2. Observe 3. Hypothesis 4. Experiment 5. Data 6. Conclusion If IV, then DV “Controlled” Variables

Publish experimental results in a Scientific Journal. repetition and validity Allows?

Theory = A well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations Other Theories?

Law = A natural phenomenon that has been proven to occur invariably whenever certain conditions are met.

GRAPHING

= a visual display of information or data Graph?

Line Graph Bar Graph Circle/Pie Graph

Independent Variable “X-axis” Horizontal Axis = “Y-axis” Vertical Axis = Dependent Variable ???

Which factory had the least amount of defective Cars? How many did this factory have? B 17 per 1000 cars

Between what 2 point of mileage does a car’s value decrease the most? How much value does a car’s value depreciate over this period? 20, ,000 $4,000

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE AND THEMES OF BIOLOGY

Characteristics of Life Order Reproduction Growth and Development Energy Utilization Response to the Environment Homeostasis Evolutionary Adaptation

Order Reproduction Growth and Development Response to EnvironmentHomeostasis Energy Utilization Evolutionary Adaptation

THEMES OF BIOLOGY 1. Cell structure and Function 2. Reproduction 3. Metabolism 4. Homeostasis 5. Heredity 6. Evolution 7. Interdependence

1. Cell structure and Function 2. Reproduction 3. Metabolism 4. Homeostasis 5. Heredity 6. Evolution 7. Interdependence

Carcharodon carcharias 4. Homeostasis

6. Evolution

1. Cell structure and Function

3000 teeth

3. Metabolism 7. Interdependence

2. Reproduction 5. Heredity

Chap. 1: Biology in the 21 st Century Graphing -X and Y axes -IV and DV -Bar and Line Graphs Chapter 1 -The Study of life -Unifying Themes of Biology -Scientific Thinking and Processes -Biologists Tools and Technology -Biology and the Future Metric System -Base units (length, volume, mass) -Prefixes -Metric Conversions Equipment -Names -Use Safety -Chemical, Fire, Electrical Labs -Measurement -Lab Equipment Scientific Method -Purpose -Steps -Variables

Vocabulary List Biospherehomeostasismeasurement Biodiversityevolutionaccuracy Speciesadaptationprecision Biologyobservationmicroscope Sciencedatagene Organismhypothesismolecular genetics Cellexperimentgenomics Metabolismindependent variable DNAdependent variable Systemconstantbiotechnology Ecosystemtheorytransgenics

END

To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit Example To convert 90 o C  F F = (1.8 X 90) + 32 F = F = o C = 194 o F F = (1.8 x C) + 32 To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius Example To convert 82 o F  C C = (F - 32) / 1.8 C = ( ) / 1.8 C = 50 / 1.8 C = o F = 27.8 o C