FAA Runway Safety Briefing Sun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-In April 2002

Outcome: Zero fatalities resulting from runway incursions.

What Do You Think? Q: What is the most common runway incursion caused by pilots?

Runway Incursions A runway incursion is any occurrence on an airport runway involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off, landing, or intending to land. The FAA investigates runway incursions and attributes the occurrence to one or more of the following error types: Operational Error Pilot Deviation Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviation

The U.S. National Airspace System is the Busiest in the World Growing demand for air travel and NAS capacity Over 64 million operations a year = 175,000 a day (11 yr avg) Over 650,000 pilots – 240,000 aircraft Over 16,000 air traffic controllers Over 450 towered airports General Aviation accounted for 57% of FY 2001 operations Pressure to reduce delays and to enhance safety

Runway Incursions and General Aviation Statistics

General Aviation Airports General Aviation and Air Carrier Airports by Runway Incursions (CY1997 – 2001) Total Ops (1997-2001) SNA – 2.1M STL – 2.5M LGB – 2.1M PHX – 2.9M FXE – 1.2M DFW – 4.4M General Aviation Airports # of Runway Incursions Air Carrier Airports # of Runway Incursions

Percentage of General Aviation Pilot Deviations CY 1997-2000 CY 2001

Total Tower Operations (millions) Runway Incursions 64.44 66.21 68.67 67.68 64.44 66.21 68.67 65.45 Total Tower Operations (millions)

What Do You Think? Q: What’s the common theme? A: Human Error

Primary Causal Factors of Pilot Deviation Runway Incursions (1997-2001) There were 970 Pilot Deviation Runway Incursions 719 of these Pilot Deviations were able to be evaluated Other pilot deviations included landing over aircraft in position and landing/departing on closed runways 537 from pilot either entering the runway or crossing the hold short line after acknowledging hold short instructions 95 from pilots departing after acknowledging “taxi into position and hold” instructions

What Do You Think? Q: How many pilot deviations are General Aviation? Out of 537 pilots either entering the runway or crossing the hold short line after acknowledging hold short instructions, 368 involved General Aviation - that’s 69%! Out of 95 pilots departing after acknowledging “taxi into position and hold” instructions, 70 involved General Aviation – that’s 74%!

Q: What are the most recurring pilot deviations? What Do You Think? Q: What are the most recurring pilot deviations? 1. Pilots acknowledge hold short instructions and either enter the runway or cross the hold short line 2. Pilots depart after acknowledging “taxi into position and hold” instructions 3. Pilots land over aircraft in position 4. Pilots land/depart on closed runways

Helpful Hints Read back all runway crossing and/or hold short instructions Review airport layouts as part of preflight planning and before descending to land, and while taxiing as needed Know airport signage and markings Review Notices to Airmen (NOTAM) for information on runway/taxiway closures and construction areas Do not hesitate to request progressive taxi instructions from ATC when unsure of the taxi route

Helpful Hints Check for traffic before crossing any Runway Hold Line and before entering a taxiway Turn on aircraft lights and rotating beacon while taxiing and on runway When landing, clear the active runway as quickly as possible then call for taxi instructions before further movement Study and use proper radio phraseology as described in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) in order to respond to and understand ground control instructions Write down taxi instructions at airports

Sarasota Bradenton

Here’s How We Are Helping Sponsor new technology Distribute runway safety materials Notify pilots of certification requirements Survey pilots on understanding of procedures Improve data and statistics tracking Partner with Industry to better inform our users

Technology AMASS ASDE-X A total of 40 Systems – 37 anticipated to be commissioned by the end of ’03 at 34 airports, and 3 support 11 Systems Commissioned: San Francisco, Detroit, Los Angeles #1 and #2, Salt Lake City, Seattle, Chicago, St. Louis, Boston, Miami and Newark ASDE-X Software Development In Progress Site Acceptance Test at Milwaukee in September ’02

Technology Other Technologies being assessed Motion Activated Lighting System (MALS) Ground Marker Electronic Message Board Runway Status Lights System Safe Flight 21 – Surface Moving Map

Advisory Circulars AC No. 120-74 AC No. 91-73 Part 121, 125 and 135 flight crew procedures during taxi procedures AC No. 91-73 Part 91 pilot and flight crew procedures during taxi operations and part 135 single-pilot operations Recently published, available through the runway safety website (www.faa.gov/runwaysafety), and part of an upcoming mailing to pilots.

Practical Test Standards Surface operations are a required topic for practical test standards Required both for initial and recurrent certification for pilots and Certified Flight Instructors Standards will be published April 30, 2002

CFR Part 91.129(i) Survey 176 pilots surveyed at Oshkosh Fly-in, 7/01 Contains a provision that states — “A clearance to “taxi to” the takeoff runway assigned to the aircraft is not a clearance to cross that assigned takeoff runway, or to taxi on that runway at any point, but is a clearance to cross other runways that intersect the taxi route to that assigned takeoff runway.” 176 pilots surveyed at Oshkosh Fly-in, 7/01 Four scenarios presented 48 pilots (28.1 percent) responded correctly to all four scenarios Majority of CFI-rated pilots, (55.8 percent), responded incorrectly Most pilots misunderstood a taxiing clearance that involved crossing a runway that was the assigned takeoff runway

Runway Safety Website www.faa.gov/runwaysafety

Visit us in the FAA FSDO Safety Center hangar to } Participate in a Pilot Situational Awareness Survey } Check your knowledge of airfield markings

FAA Runway Safety Briefing Sun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-In April 2002