CALRES Update Phase 1 Progress Report April 22, 2009 Bruce Wilcox Phil Niles Ken Nittler

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 2 CALRES Update Progress Highlights  We have developed CZM (Conditioned Zone Model), a proof of concept hourly heating and cooling loads model for a single conditioned zone  CZM features improved thermal mass, ventilation, and solar gain algorithms  We have compared CZM with measured hourly data  There is more work needed to integrate CZM into the calculation procedures for the 2011 Standards

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 3 Agenda  CALPAS1  UZM Attic Model  CALRES Update Project  Fort Wayne Validation Data  New CZM Model  Compare CZM and DATA  Next Steps

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 4 CALPAS1 History  Developed by Niles to calculate passive solar system performance for the CEC’s California Passive Handbook published in 1980  Focus was on passive solar heating and massive buildings  Descendents include CALPAS3, CALRES, CNE, ENERGY10 Micropas

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 5 CALPAS1 Context  Mainframe computers had very limited calculation capabilities by modern standards and computer resources were a big constraint  Building simulations had to be radically simplified to allow annual calculations: Micropas reduced year weather files DOE2 room weighting factors

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 6 CALPAS1 Network Schematic

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 7 UZM Residential Attic/Duct Model  Developed for the 2008 CEC standards with PIER funding  Project Team: Bruce Wilcox Phil Niles Ken Nittler Larry Palmiter Danny Parker  Approach Detailed first principles algorithms  Separate radiant heat transfer  Variable heat transfer coefficients  All surfaces treated as massive Calculation intensive (10 time steps/hr)

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 8 UZM Attic Simulation Model

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 9 California Data Comparison  One year of measured attic temperature data for Cardinal Glass research house in Roseville  Unoccupied, instrumented, ACM occupancy  Tile roof with high/low ventilation, sealed ducts in attic, ceiling construction defects, all modeled using proposed approach

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 10 UZM matches attic temperature pattern for week including highest attic temperature of the year

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 11 Cool Shingle Life Cycle Cost Supports New Requirement in Hottest Climates Based on UZM calculated TDV savings for 0.25 reflectance shingle compared to a 0.08 reflectance shingle in a prescriptive 1761 prototype. First cost premium of 0.25 aged reflectance shingle is $0.35/ft2

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 12 CALRES Update Project 1 st Phase Approach The project team will start with the UZM attic space model developed by this team for the PIER Research for the 2008 Building Standards (contract ) produce a proof of concept model with improved conditioned space ventilation and cooling related algorithms.

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 13 CALRES Update Project 1 st Phase Objective  demonstrate the algorithmic improvements using a single zone loads simulation

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 14 CALRES Update Project 1 st Phase Goals  Accurately model solar gain impact (through glazing and opaque walls) on cooling energy and peak load the impact of building shell and interior mass on cooling loads and indoor temperature variation ventilation interaction with building mass and its impact on cooling energy and peak load

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 15 CALRES Update Project 1 st Phase Deliverables  A proof of concept hourly heating and cooling loads model for a single conditioned zone conventional wood framed slab on grade home  A comparison of 2008 CALRES and the improved model with measured hourly data for relevant homes with air conditioning and cooling ventilation  A brief report documenting the improved algorithms

Cardinal Test Homes Fort Wayne Indiana Present

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 17

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 18

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 19

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 20

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp ACH50 SLA = 1.4

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 22

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 23

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 24

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 25

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 26

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 27

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 28

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 29

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 30

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 31

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 32 FtW Validation Data Whole House Fan

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 33 FtW Validation Data Economizer

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 34 FtW Validation Data Natural Ventilation

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 35 FtW Validation Data Natural Ventilation

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 36 Ft Wayne Data Comparison of Vent Cases

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 37 FtW Validation Data Position of Doors is Critical

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 38 FtW Natural Ventilation Open only the 2 nd story windows?

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 39 Ft Wayne Data Room Air Temperatures

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 40 Ft Wayne Data Room Air Temperatures

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 41 Ft Wayne Data Room Air Temperatures

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 42 Ft Wayne Data Room Air Temperatures

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 43 New CZM Features  All opaque surfaces are calculated separately as mass elements (walls, floors, ceilings, interior walls, furniture)  Separate radiant and convective heat transfer calculation for all surfaces  Convective coefficients depend on Surface orientation Surface and air temperature Room air movement from HVAC or venting  Solar gains on walls are lagged

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 44 CZM Network Schematic

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 45 Comparison of CZM and Data Floating Temperature

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 46 Comparison of CZM and Data Mass, Heating and Cooling

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 47 Comparison of CZM and Data Whole House Fan

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 48 Comparison of CZM and Data Economizer

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 49 Comparison of CZM and Data Natural Vent – 10% open, 8’ Stack

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 50 Comparison of CZM and Data Natural Vent - 5% open, 2’ Stack

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 51 CALRES Update Next Steps  We have developed CZM (Conditioned Zone Model), a proof of concept hourly heating and cooling loads model for a single conditioned zone  CZM features improved thermal mass, ventilation, and solar gain algorithms  We have compared CZM with measured hourly data  There is more work needed to integrate CZM into the calculation procedures for the 2011 Standards

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 52 Next Steps Standards Calculation Engine(s)  Five Separate Functions (Engines) Input Engine. Validates the building specification input by the user (e. g. no negative wall areas) Standard Design Engine. Produces a Standard Design (Compliance, HERS, Tax Credit versions) for any building specification Calculation Engine. Accepts machine readable input and returns energy, TDV, etc values Compliance Engine. Assembles values from Proposed and Standard design runs and compares them to determine compliance. Reports Engine. Accepts Compliance results and prints reports (CF1R, forms etc).

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 53 CalresUp Development  Phase 1 demonstrating technical validity of zone model improvements. Remaining work: Compare with CALRES2008 and DOE2 Report  Phase 2 Needed for 2011 Standards Team Multiple conditioned and unconditioned with interactions. (CZM and UZM) New window model with surface temperatures Sky temperature algorithm for new weather files Validation and Impact analysis Can start 2011 Standards Development at this point

April 22, 2009Wilcox - CalresUp 54 CalresUp Development  Phase 3 Needed for 2011 Stakeholders Standard Design Engine. Produces a Standard Design (Compliance version) for any building specification ACM Manual update Can finish the 2011 Standards Development here  Phase 4 Input Engine. Validates the building specification input by the user (e. g. no negative wall areas) Compliance Engine. Assembles values from Proposed and Standard design runs and compares them to determine compliance. Reports Engine. Accepts Compliance results and prints reports (CF1R, forms etc).