Chapter #12 - Section #2

 “If you woke up one morning and found that somebody had come to your house, and had declared that house belonged to him, you would naturally be surprised, and you would like to know by what arrangement. Many Africans at that time found that, on land that had been in the possession of their ancestors from time immemorial, they were now working as squatters or laborers.” -Jomo Kenyatta, Kenyan Independence leader

 How would you feel if one day you came home from school and found a stranger living in your house and demanded you live as their servant?  How would you feel if every time you protested being mistreated, you would be punished even harsher?  How do you think Africans felt living in their own countries as servants, and laborers under European colonial rulers?

 Read pg. 394  Create a list of at least five conditions that Africans faced during colonial rule

1. During the early 1900s, almost every part of Africa was a European colony. 2. Many Africans were forced to work on plantations or in mines run by Europeans. 3. The money they earned went to pay taxes to the colonial government. 4. In Kenya and Rhodesia, white settlers forced Africans off the best land. 5. In Kenya, the British made all Africans carry identification cards, and restricted where they could live or travel. 6. During WWI, more than one million Africans had fought on behalf of their colonial rulers hoping for future rights and opportunities.

 apartheid  Pan-Africanism  negritude movement  Marcus Garvey  Leopold Senghor

 Between 1910 and 1940, whites in South Africa imposed a system of racial segregation.  Their goal was to ensure white economic, political, and social supremacy.  Blacks were evicted from the best land and forced to live on “reserves,” called bantustans.  In 1936 the government abolished the right to vote for all blacks.  In 1948 the white South African government set up an even stricter system of segregation called apartheid.

South Africa: The Rise of Apartheid

 In the 1920s, a movement known as Pan-Africanism began to inspire black nationalism and resistance.  It emphasized the unity of Africans and people of African descent worldwide.  Many western-educated Africans condemned the colonial system and called for self-determination.

 French-speaking writers in West Africa and the Caribbean continued Pan-African inspiration through the negritude movement.  Writers expressed pride in their African roots and protested colonial rule.  Leopold Senghor, from Senegal, celebrated Africa’s rich cultural heritage, and fostered African pride by rejecting the negative views of Africa spread by colonial rulers.  Senghor also took an active role in Senegal’s drive to independence, as he would become their first president.

 Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey, became on of the most inspiring leaders of the Pan-African movement.  He preached an “Africa for Africans” and demanded an end to colonial rule.  He ideas influenced a new generation of leaders, music (Reggae), and religion (Rastafarianism).

 Today, the music of Roots-Reggae carry on the messages of Marcus Garvey and the Pan-African religion, Rastafarianism. Bob Marley Marcus Garvey Haile Selassie

 Answer the following: 1. In what ways did colonial powers try to control African life? 2. What method of protest did the African National Congress favor in its struggle against apartheid? 3. What did the Pan-African Congress accomplish? 4. What significance does the phrase “Africa for Africans” have?

Ataturk  Read: pg. 397 – 398  Answer: 1. Where is Asia Minor? 2. What were Ataturk’s goals for Turkey? 3. What reforms did Ataturk make to reach his goals? 4. How did Reza Khan reform Persia?

 Read: pg. 398 – 400  Answer: 1. What is Pan-Arabism? 2. How did the Paris Peace Conference affect Arabs? 3. How did the Balfour Declaration further undermine Pan-Arabism? 4. What was the Zionist movement? 5. Why did Palestine become a center of conflict after WWI?

Main Characters Facts and Reflections LiorAge: Reactions: Occupation: View of Palestinians: TamarAge: Reactions: Occupation View of Palestinians: MeirAge: Reactions: Occupation: View of Palestinians: YuvalAge: Reactions: Occupation: View of Palestinians: Ye’elaAge: Reactions: Occupation: View of Palestinians: NetaAge: Reactions: Occupation View of Palestinians: