T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 1 COMP/ELEC 429/556 Introduction to Computer Networks Overview Some slides used with permissions from Edward W. Knightly, Ion Stoica, Hui Zhang

T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 2 A bit about me... Grew up in Hong Kong B.S. University of Washington Ph.D. Carnegie Mellon University Research interests in networked systems Teach courses related to computer networks at both undergraduate and graduate levels CS Graduate Committee Co-Chair

T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 3 The BOLD Project in the News

T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 4 A bit more about me... Love cycling, but don’t have much time for it anymore... Besides teaching, research, administrative work, and other professional obligations...

I’m Curious: What Motivated You to Take 429? Introduce yourself to your neighbor Interview neighbor on what motivated him/her to take 429? T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 5

Obviously Internet Makes These Possible... T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 6

Network Crucial to Solving Hard Computational and Data Intensive Problems T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 7

Software Defined Networking T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 8

Optical Networking T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 9

10 Internet Remains Unreliable

T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 11 So whatever happened internally at Verizon caused aggregation for these prefixes to fail which resulted in the introduction of thousands of new /24 routes into the global routing table

Internet Remains Insecure T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 12

Course Goals Understand how today’s computer network works Understand how to utilize it Understand its weaknesses Understand alternatives Become equipped to innovate, solve problems, do great things T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 13

T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 14 Long before there were computers : Alexander Bell invented telephone 1878: Public switches installed at New Haven and San Francisco, public switched telephone network is born –People can talk without being on the same wire! Without SwitchWith Switch

T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 15 The Advent of Computer Technology 1940s Different networking requirements Computers to computers communication –vs. communication between human beings Digital information, discrete messages –vs. continuous analog voice Circuit switching technique in telephone network hugely inefficient for computer communications

T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 16 Major Internet Milestones Basic concept of “packet switching” was independently developed by Paul Baran (RAND), Leonard Kleinrock (MIT) –AT&T insisted that packet switching would never work! MIT TX-2 SDC Q32 dial-up 1965 First time two computers talked to each other using packets (Roberts, MIT; Marill, System Development Corp (SDC))

T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 17 Major Internet Milestones 1968 BBN group proposed to use Honeywell 516 mini-computers for the Interface Message Processors (i.e. packet switches) 1969 The first ARPANET message transmitted between UCLA (Kleinrock) and SRI (Engelbart) –We sent an “L”, did you get the “L”? Yep! –We sent an “O”, did you get the “O”? Yep! –We sent a “G”, did you get the “G”? Crash!

T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 18 Major Internet Milestones 1970 First packet radio network ALOHANET (Abramson, U Hawaii) 1973 Ethernet invented (Metcalfe, Xerox PARC) 1974 “A protocol for Packet Network Interconnection” published by Cerf and Kahn –First internetworking protocol TCP

T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 19 The 2004 A. M. Turing Award Goes to... "For pioneering work on internetworking, including the design and implementation of the Internet's basic communications protocols, TCP/IP, and for inspired leadership in networking.” Bob KahnVint Cerf

T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 20 Major Internet Milestones 1977 First TCP operation over ARPANET, Packet Radio Net, and SATNET 1985 NSF commissions NSFNET backbone 1991 NSF opens Internet to commercial use

T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 21 Network Component Examples LinksInterfacesSwitches/routers Ethernet WiFi

T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 22

T. S. Eugene Ngeugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 23 Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols by David D. Clark (1988) 1.Internet communication must continue despite loss of networks or gateways 2.The Internet must support multiple types of communications service 3.The Internet architecture must accommodate a variety of networks 4.The Internet architecture must permit distributed management of its resources 5.The Internet architecture must be cost effective 6.The Internet architecture must permit host attachment with a low level of effort 7.The resources used in the Internet architecture must be accountable