© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 1 Conference Berlin How to improve the energy efficiency of lifts and escalators? Lift energy consumption. A way forward.

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 2 The project and its Work Packages WP1: Management WP2: Characterization of the existing situation in terms of electricity consumption and installed capacity WP3: Monitoring campaigns will be carried out in a number of selected buildings, based on a common methodology to be established WP4: Technology assessment and estimation of the savings potential for each component of an elevator will be carried out WP5: Barriers and strategies to promote Energy-Efficient Elevators and Escalators WP6: Dissemination of results

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 3 Situation today Survey

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 4 The survey Lifts

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 5 The survey Escalators

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 6 Analysis of the lifts

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 7 The EN81 lift and its connection to the mains

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 8 Measurement campaign Many lifts and escalators got measured according the methodology and instrumentation defined in the e4 methodology paper. The measurement results have been used to do yearly energy estimates of the lifts, the countries and whole Europe.

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 9 The Lift Energy figures Energy for a reference trip Trip up and down Standby Power Power when standing still Facts and figures: The energy used for such a reference trip in a residential European building is about 22Wh and would costs € The total yearly energy used for such a residential European lift would be about 800 kWh and would cost €120.

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 10 The amount of energy used and the savings potential Existing technologies Technology mix of the lifts installed during last ~30 years BAT Best Available Technologies Technology currently used in the elevator industry BNAT Best Not Available Technologies Technology available but not currently used in the lift industry

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 11 What are 18‘000GWh? –In 2007 the European Union 27 produced 3‘361‘693GWh electrical energy, so lifts consume 0.5% of it ( –~2 Nuclear Power plants (8‘500GWh CH-Leibstadt) –~14 Brown Coal plants (1‘300GWh D-Goldenberg) –~4 Black Coal plants (4‘200GWh D-Bergkamen) –~79 Hydro plants (227GWh CH-Verzasca)

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 12 Lift component families Contribution to the energy demand Existing 100% BAT 38% Major contributor toLift components 53%15%Standby energy–Car light –Controller –Door –Frequency converter 47%23%Travel energy–Machine (Motor) –Frequency converter (regenerative) –Suspension, ropes, rails, guides –Doors

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 13 Mix standby & travel demand Big steps have been made to have efficient drive systems The big steps to improve lift safety, accessibility and comfort, required a lot of electronic circuitries. As side effect the standby consumption has increased over the years.

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 14 Example distribution of the Standby consumption Turn off the car light when the lift is not in use De-energize door motor when the lift is standing at a floor Do‘s: A state of the art residential lift has about 50W standby demand

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 15 Challenges to reduce the standby energy demand –Use car lights with high switching cycles, so they can be turned off during the trips. Regular incandescent and fluorescent lamps would break quickly and produce a negative environmental impact. Technologies: –LED lights –Fluorescent lamps with high heavy duty switching capabilities –Use lift controllers with sleep mode. Challenges: –Fast time to go from sleeping to operational mode (~5 seconds). Relays controllers had no boot time! –Don‘t lose important information such as car and door position

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 16 Visionary view on the standby topic What would be possible when taking technologies from other industries? The GSM phones –The phones have CPU‘s that are much more powerful than almost every lift’s CPU. –They run on 3.7V / 700mAh = 2.6Wh LiPo accumulators more than a week. A lift with 50 W Standby would run just 3 minutes on such an accumulator. –They have acceptable boot time of less than 20 seconds Laptop & Netbook PC –Go in standby mode and come back in less than 20 seconds (Linux) –A running Netbook PC uses about 20W

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 17 Travel Energy optimization –Less friction and shaft losses –Simple roping –Guide rails –Gearless or high efficiency gears –Efficient power electronics and motors –Regenerative frequency converters –Permanent synchronous motors –Efficient traffic management –Destination control –Counterweight optimized to expected traffic

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 18 Analysis of the escalators and moving walks

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 19 The amount of energy used and the savings potential SituationEnergy per year Current situation904GWh With 28% saving potential649GWh According to ELA statistics there are 75’000 escalators and moving walks installed in the EU-27. Based on the surveys conducted in WP2, two assumptions are made: 75% of the escalators are installed in commercial buildings, the remaining 25% being in public transportation facilities. 30% are equipped with a Variable Speed Drive (VSD) For the estimation of energy savings, it is considered that all of the escalators installed would be equipped with VSD. Other energy reduction measures, like listed on the next page, are not considered here.

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 20 Energy optimization

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 21 The European Lift Association

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 22 © ELA | QSEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 22 ELA position papers and priorities

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 23 Urs LINDEGGER Chairman Energy & Ecology Work Group, ELA Thank you for your attention