1. According to the heliocentric model, what is at the center of the universe? 2. What is Francis Bacon’s significance to the scientific revolution? 3. The Catholic Church believed that __________ was the center of the universe. 4. T or F – Margaret Cavendish believed that humans were masters of nature. 5. What is Maria Winkelmann’s significance? 6. According to rationalism, what is the center of all knowledge? (Descartes)

 Homework – 315 – 317 and outline!  Mike/Bob scenario  Notes

Can scientific laws apply to human behavior?

 Locke – people can learn from experiences and improve themselves; thought government should protect peoples’ rights.  Others believed that laws similar to Newton’s scientific laws could be applied to society ideal society.

 Locke thought that if a government sucked, the people could overthrow it!  Hobbes (last chapter) thought people were selfish and nasty

 Philosophe = French word for philosophers  Focused on 5 major concepts:  Reason  Nature  Happiness  Progress  Liberty

 French  Liked idea of religious tolerance, criticized Christianity.  Believed in deism – religion based on reason and natural laws. [God created the universe and then let it run according to natural laws]  Influenced Bill of Rights

 Montesquieu - separation of powers  Legislative, judicial and executive branches of government – limit and control each other

 Denis Diderot: published the first encyclopedia  Adam Smith: economics  The state should not regulate the economy  Laissez-faire: let people do what they want. Freedom to pursue own economic interests.  Wrote The Wealth of Nations  Thought government should do only 3 things: protect from invasion, defend against injustice and keep up public works

 Rights for the accused – speedy trials, better treatment for prisoners  Against torture and capital punishment  Punishment should fit the crime  Influenced modern justice system

 Men thought that educated women would be idle and wicked  Mary Wollstonecraft - argued that women needed education, and should participate in government  Many wealthy women helped spread Enlightenment ideas by having big social gatherings in Salons

 Women and men deserve EQUAL rights  Enlightenment = big deal.  Rethought political systems  Inspired French and American Revolutions.