By Lennart Nilsson, 1965.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Reproductive Hormones
Advertisements

Hormonal Control of Male Reproductive Functions Hormones are secreted by: – Hypothalamus – Anterior pituitary gland – Testes Functions: – Development of.
Female Hormone Regulation
Hormone Regulation of the Reproductive System
Animal Reproduction.
Role of Hormones in Menstrual Cycle Anton, Barbara, Gabi.
The ovarian & menstrual cycle
CHEMICAL REGULATION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
1 Sex and Reproduction Chapter Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction occurs when a new individual is formed through the union of two.
Male Reproductive System
Chapter 12 Reproductive System
Human Reproduction Spermatogenesis.
C) The Menstrual Cycle The female menstrual cycle takes an average of 28 days. (Variation is common). The cycle occurs in four phases if no fertilization.
The Male Reproductive System
Reproductive Hormones
8.5: Reproductive Hormones Male Reproductive System Female Reproductive System.
1.5 Individual human development during youth: Physical Physical Development.
The Reproductive System
The Endometrial Cycle (Menstrual cycle)
Seminar 2 Abdulrahman aljabr Amenorrhea. Objectives 3- Outline functions of the ovarian hormones— estradiol and progesterone. 4- describe regulation of.
Objectives To identify the major anatomical features of the male reproductive system. To identify the major anatomical features of the female reproductive.
Reproductive Hormones
Chapter 26b Reproduction and Development. Male Reproductive Structures External genitalia Penis and scrotum Common passageway Urethra Accessory glands.
Menstrual Cycle Regulation
Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1 Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal axis.
The Hormones GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone FSH = Folicle-stimulating hormone LH = Luteinizing hormone Testosterone Estrogen Progesterone.
1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. CHAPTER 17 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.
1 Sex and Reproduction. 2 3 Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction occurs when a new individual is formed through the union of two sex cells.
Reproduction: Chapter Goals
Human Anatomy and Physiology
1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Human Biology Sylvia S. Mader Michael Windelspecht Chapter.
Chapter 15 Reproductive System.
Accelerated Biology.  Some important vocabulary  Follicle – a cluster of cells that surrounds an immature egg and provides it with nutrients (where.
Major endocrine glands. The Hypothalamus Small structure at the base of the brain Regulates many body functions, including appetite and body temperature.
Reproductive Hormones. Male gonads (testes) produce sperm. Female gonads (ovaries) produce eggs.
Ch. 27: Reproduction and Embryonic Development
Reproductive Hormones Gonads Source of sex hormones: androgens estrogens progestins produced in different proportions by both males and females.
Male Structure Male Structure Testes- Testes- Male gonads Male gonads Produce sperm Produce sperm 2, located in scrotum 2, located in scrotum Seminiferous.
Reproductive System Section 1 Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male Section 2. Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Female Section 3. Hormonal.
E7-1 Hormonal Control of Reproduction femalemale Dendrobates azureus.
Female Reproductive System
Human Reproductive Systems Chapter 50, section 3 only.
Reproductive Hormones. Male gonads (testes) produce sperm. Female gonads (ovaries) produce eggs.
9.4 Hormonal Regulation of the Reproductive System
LOGO Reproductive System YaoYang, Physiology department of SMC.
Reproductive Physiology
Female Reproductive Cycle
Hormones synchronize ovarian and menstrual cycles
Female Reproductive Cycle
Biology 12 Unit 2: Reproduction and Development Female System.
Organs Hormonal Control
Introduction to the Endocrine System P Hormones Hormone- chemical regulators produced by cells in one part of the body that affect cells in another.
Reproductive System Ch 19. General Functions of reproductive system.  Produce and nurture sex cells  Gametes  Sperm  Eggs  Transport them to sites.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Female Organs/structures Ovaries Uterus Fallopian tubes (oviduct) Vagina Cervix.
Aim: How can hormones influence the reproductive cycles in humans? Do Now: Using the diagrams below, which structures produce hormones? What hormones are.
Reproduction Topics The Human Male Reproductive System The Human Female Reproductive System Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Reproductive System Lesson Overview 34.3 The Reproductive System.
Reproduction A Chemical Signal Balancing Act. Testis signaled to make sperm Low Testosterone in blood detected by Hypothalamus Low Testosterone in blood.
The Reproductive System. Review of Endocrine System.
Chapter 48, (page 936-) Reproductive system Csaba Bödör,
Physiology of Male and Female Reproduction
Unit B: Reproduction and Development
Hormonal Regulation of the Reproductive System
THE OVARIES AND THE TESTES
Connections Between the Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
Reproductive Hormones
Human Reproductive System
Anatomy and Physiology Overview
Regulation of the Reproductive System
The Reproductive system
Presentation transcript:

By Lennart Nilsson, 1965

Is Sex necessary for species to be created and maintained? We do not even in the least know the final cause of sexuality; Why new beings should be produced by the union of the two sexual elements, instead of by a process of parthenogenesis. ––––– Charles Darwin

So why Sex? Did it occur by accident? A dice played with universe by God?

Bryaninops-yongei-海鞭虾虎鱼

Sex is incredibly magic. The physiology related with sex is complex biological activity

Reproductive functions of the male and female Gonad Gland Testis Ovaries Germ cells Sperm Ovum Hormone-Producing cells Androgens (Testosterone) (Dihydrotestosterone) (Androstenedione) Estrogen Progesterone Pregnancy Lactation

Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male I. Spermatogenesis II. Male Sex Hormones

Male Reproductive System Seminiferous tubule Male Reproductive System Interstitial cells (Leydig cells)

Spermatids Spermatozoa (23 chromosomes) Meiosis Mitosis

Factors Impacting Sperm Temperature: Cryptorchidism Disease: Inflammation/Tuberculosis X-Ray Smoking & Drinking

Functions of Testis Spermatogenesis --- Seminiferous tubule; Synthesis and Release of Androgens such as testosterone etc --- Interstitial Cells; Under influence of FSH and LH released from anterior pituitary gland respectively.

Functions of Testosterone To cause descent of the testes into scrotum; Effects on development of adult primary and secondary sexual characteristics (Distribution of body hair; Baldness; Voice; Acne; Protein formation and muscle etc…..)

Female Physiology Before Pregnancy and Female Hormones 1. Female Hormonal System? 2. Ovarian Follicle growth? 3. Secretion of estrogen and progesterone? 4. Interplay between Hypothalamic-Pituitary and ovarian Hormones? 5. Relations between Ovarian hormones and menstruation?

I. Female Hormone System Hypothalamus Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Gonadotropin Hormone: Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Estrogen/Progesterone; Inhibin

Cyclical Secretion of FSH and LH Female sexual cycle in 28 days FSH and LH secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in cyclical rhythm regulate the cyclical ovarian changes and subsequent secretion of ovarian hormones. Importance: surge of LH and FSH?

II. Ovarian Follicle growth Histology of Ovarian Follicle Ovum Follicle cells Granulosa Thecal cells Proliferation and Secretion of Hormones are regulated by FSH and LH.

6-12 Lutein cells Granulosa & Theca cells Ovulation

III. Sex Hormone Secretion in Ovarian Cycle Luteal Phase Follicular Phase III. Sex Hormone Secretion in Ovarian Cycle Cell type Granulosa cells Lutein cells Hormone Estrogen Estrogen Progesterone (Inhibin) Estrogen Progesterone

Functions of the Ovarian Hormones Estrogen Effect on the Uterus and external female sex organs; Effect on the Fallopian Tubes and Breast; Effect on the Skeleton; Effect on Protein Deposition, fat deposition and Body metabolism; Effect on Hair Distribution and Skin; Effect on electrolyte Balance; Negative and Positive feedback effect on Anterior Pituitary Gland; Progesterone Effect on the Uterus, Fallopian tubes and Breast; Effect on the body temperature; Feedback effect on Anterior Pituitary Gland Before Ovulation After Ovulation

IV. Interplay between Hypothalamic-Pituitary and ovarian Hormones GnRH induces Anterior Pituitary Gland to Secret LH and FSH; LH and FSH regulate the follicle growth and subsequent estrogen and progesterone secretion; Negative feedback effects of estrogen and progesterone on LH and FSH secretion; Positive feedback effect of estrogen before ovulation -- LH surge

GnRH Estrogen Progesterone Estrogen Hypothalamus GnRH FSH LH Estrogen Progesterone Estrogen

Interplay between FSH/LH and Ovarian Hormones Hypothalamus ④ Estrogen (High Level) GnRH ① ⑧ Estrogen Progesterone (Inhibin) ⑨ Corpus Albicans ③ Estrogen (Low level) ② FSH、LH ⑥ Ovulation ⑤ LH↑ FSH↑ ⑦ Corpus Luteum LH Surge Interplay between FSH/LH and Ovarian Hormones

V. Relations between Ovarian hormones and menstruation Menstrual phase Proliferative phase Secretory phase