Honors Biology: Final Exam Review

Final Exam Info Room Numbers Biology H 3 D24 Biology H 10 D25 Text books can be turned in NOW, if not handed in by the final you will have an OBLIGATION!

A few key points…in no means all, you should study!!!

Chapter 1: The Scientifc Study of Life 8 Characteristics of Living Things: 8 Characteristics of Living Things: Organization of living things Organization of living things

Darwin & Evolution Charles Darwin Charles Darwin Struggle for Existence Struggle for Existence Survival of the Fittest Survival of the Fittest Adaptations Adaptations Natural Selection Natural Selection

Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life Types of Chemical Bonds: Types of Chemical Bonds: Ionic Bonds Ionic Bonds Covalent Covalent Hydrogen Bonds Hydrogen Bonds

Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life Properties of Water (remember polarity) Properties of Water (remember polarity)

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Chapter 3: The Molecules of Cells The Magic of Carbon The Magic of Carbon 4 valence electron – 4 bonds! 4 valence electron – 4 bonds! Macromolecules Macromolecules Polymers vs. Monomers Polymers vs. Monomers Compounds Compounds Isomers – two molecules that has the SAME chemical formula, but DIFFERENT structures! Isomers – two molecules that has the SAME chemical formula, but DIFFERENT structures!

Chapter 3: The Molecules of Cells 4 Main Organic (Carbon) Compounds: DID YOU KEEP YOUR CHART? 4 Main Organic (Carbon) Compounds: DID YOU KEEP YOUR CHART? Know the structure and function of CarbohydratesProteinsLipids Nucleic Acids

Chapter 3: The Molecules of Cells Dehydration Synthesis Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis Hydrolysis

Early Earth Miller and Urey Experiment Miller and Urey Experiment Oxygen Producing Bacteria = Atmosphere Oxygen Producing Bacteria = Atmosphere

Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell Types of Cells Types of Cells Prokaryotes Prokaryotes Eukaryotes – Plant & Animal Cells Eukaryotes – Plant & Animal Cells

Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell Plasma Membrane – know the structure and function Plasma Membrane – know the structure and function

Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell Cellular Transport Cellular Transport Diffusion Diffusion Osmosis Osmosis hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic Active Transport Active Transport

Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell In order to effectively transport nutrients to the cell, the cell must have a LARGE surface area to volume ratio

Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell Organelles of the Cell Organelles of the Cell

Chapter 5: The Working Cell Enzymes Enzymes

Chapter 5: The Working Cell Exergonic Reactions Exergonic Reactions Endergonic Reactions Endergonic Reactions Exergonic and Endergonic reactions are usually coupled Exergonic and Endergonic reactions are usually coupled

Chapter 5: The Working Cell Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions LEO says GER LEO says GER LOSE electrons (accompanied by H+) OXIDATION LOSE electrons (accompanied by H+) OXIDATION GAIN electrons (accompanied by H+) REDUCTION GAIN electrons (accompanied by H+) REDUCTION

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Chapter 6: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Glycolysis Krebs Krebs ETC – Chemiosmosis ETC – Chemiosmosis Fermentation Fermentation

Chapter 7: Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food Leaf Structure Leaf Structure

Chapter 7: Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Light Reactions Light Reactions Light Independent Reactions Light Independent Reactions

Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance A Sex-Linked Punnett Square A Sex-Linked Punnett Square Hemophilia is a sex-linked, recessive trait. A non-carrier female and a hemophiliac male want to have children… Hemophilia is a sex-linked, recessive trait. A non-carrier female and a hemophiliac male want to have children… What is the chance their child will have hemophilia? What is the chance their child will have hemophilia? What is the chance any of their children will be carriers? What is the chance any of their children will be carriers? What are the genotypes of the parents? What are the genotypes of the parents? What are the genotypes for a hemophiliac male? female? What are the genotypes for a hemophiliac male? female?