oOs90Cvo&feature=player_embedded oOs90Cvo&feature=player_embedded Russian National Anthem Play as students come in

History of Russia Russian Revolution – Modern Russia e=related e=related

Pre-Revolutionary Russia Only true autocracy left in Europe Only true autocracy left in Europe No type of representative political institutions No type of representative political institutions Nicholas II became tsar in 1884 Nicholas II became tsar in 1884 Believed he was the absolute ruler anointed by God Believed he was the absolute ruler anointed by God Russo-Japanese War (1904) – defeat led to political instability Russo-Japanese War (1904) – defeat led to political instability

The Revolution of 1905 Rapid growth of (discontented) working class Rapid growth of (discontented) working class Workers concentrated in St. Petersburg and Moscow Workers concentrated in St. Petersburg and Moscow Little help from the countryside: Little help from the countryside: - No individual land - No individual land ownership ownership –Rural Famine

World War I: “The Last Straw” War revealed the ineptitude and arrogance of the country’s aristocratic elite War revealed the ineptitude and arrogance of the country’s aristocratic elite

Founder of Bolshevism: Vladimir Lenin His Early Years His Early Years --Exiled to Siberia in 1897 Committed to Class Struggle and Revolution Committed to Class Struggle and Revolution Moved to London in 1902 and befriended Leon Trotsky Moved to London in 1902 and befriended Leon Trotsky

Lenin Steps into This Vacuum Amnesty granted to all political prisoners in March of 1917 Amnesty granted to all political prisoners in March of 1917 A tremendously charismatic personality A tremendously charismatic personality “Peace, Land, Bread” “Peace, Land, Bread” “All Power to the Soviets” “All Power to the Soviets” He preached that the war was a capitalist/imperialist war He preached that the war was a capitalist/imperialist war Bolshevik party membership exploded; their power was consolidated Bolshevik party membership exploded; their power was consolidated

The November Revolution Nov. 6, 1917… Nov. 6, 1917… Lenin went on to consolidate his power in Jan when he disbanded the Constituent Assembly Lenin went on to consolidate his power in Jan when he disbanded the Constituent Assembly All private property was abolished and divided among the peasantry All private property was abolished and divided among the peasantry Largest industrial enterprises nationalized Largest industrial enterprises nationalized

November Revolution (cont) Lenin’s 1st task was to get Russia out of the war so he could concentrate on internal reform… Lenin’s 1st task was to get Russia out of the war so he could concentrate on internal reform… The Treaty of Brest- Litovsk negotiated with the Germans, giving them much Russian territory, population, and resources The Treaty of Brest- Litovsk negotiated with the Germans, giving them much Russian territory, population, and resources Complete breakdown of Russian economy and society Complete breakdown of Russian economy and society Five Year Plans Five Year Plans

WWII

German and Russia sign Nonaggression Pact 1939 German and Russia sign Nonaggression Pact 1939 Hitler begins invasion on the same day Napoleon did June 22, 1941 Hitler begins invasion on the same day Napoleon did June 22, 1941 Russians unprepared for war Russians unprepared for war The Russians retreat to Moscow Leningrad and Stalingrad The Russians retreat to Moscow Leningrad and Stalingrad

Stalingrad Turning Point Axis suffered from 500, ,000 casualties (killed, wounded, captured) Red Army suffered a total of 1,129,619 total casualties 25,000 to 40,000 Soviet civilians died

Meet you in Berlin… …Let the Cold War begin

The Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL  spread world- wide Communism GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [George Kennan] METHODOLOGIES:  Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]  Arms Race [nuclear escalation]  Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars”  Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

Sputnik I (1957) The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the technological edge!

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked!

Vietnam War:

Soviet Reform Glasnost- transparency in the activities of all government institutions Perestroika- restructuring of the Soviet economy and bureaucracy Mikhail Gorbachev

Collapse of the Soviet Union ESPN Economic Stagnation occurred Social competition with the West- They wanted equality with USA Political Gorbachev's attempted to reform gradually and only partially Nature people wanted environmental changes US Influence The United States of America manipulated the USSR economic system through sabotage and other negative activities towards the state and its economy, creating cracks which resulted into USSR breaking apart. Loss of Satellite Economies The central government was then increasingly pressured by nationalist movements in the Ukraine, Caucasus, Georgia and outlying Asian states.

Who lead the Russian Revolution? Why was Russia unprepared for WWII? What happened to Berlin after the war? Who was Russia’s great reformer? Questions?