Communicable Diseases Respiratory Diseases

Respiratory Diseases Common Cold – virus – runny nose, watery eyes, sneezing… Influenza (flu) – headaches, chills, and fever Pneumonia (infection of lungs) - Shortness of breath, chest pain Strep Throat – bacterial infection of the throat – fever, severe sore throat - untreated can lead to Rheumatic Fever Tuberculosis – bacterial infection of the lungs – extreme tiredness, night sweats, loss of appetite, spitting up blood

Cardiovascular Disease Disease of the heart and blood vessels Chronic Disease Cardiovascular Disease Disease of the heart and blood vessels

Types of Cardiovascular Disease Angina Pectoris – narrowing of the coronary arteries (Nitroglycerin) – warning sign of a heart attack Arteriosclerosis – hardening and thickening of the arteries Congestive Heart Failure – hearts pumping is below capacity and fluid builds up in the lungs and other areas of the body.

Types of Cardiovascular Disease Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) – coronary arties are blocked or narrowed Heart Arrhythmia – irregular heart beat Heart Attack – death of cardiac muscle (signs: pressure/pain in the center of the chest; pain that spreads to shoulders, neck, jaw, or back; lightheaded; fainting; sweaing; nausea; shortness of breath

Types of Cardiovascular Disease Stroke – blocked or broken blood vessel in the brain - Aneurysm – weaken blood vessel Reduce Risk Healthy diet HDL/LDL No Tobacco 120/80 BMI Exercise Manage Stress

Diabetes Type I Diabetes – body produces little to no insulin Type II Diabetes – body produces insulin but it cannot be used by cells. 80% due to diet Gestational Diabetes – may occur during pregnancy Most common is Type II Diabetes

How to Reduce the Risk of Diabetes 3 of the 4 risk factors can not be control 1. being female 2. having family history 3. being over 40 years of age 4. being overweight and over fat

Cancer Cells divide in an uncontrolled manner. Cells form a Tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) Two types of Tumors: Benign Tumors- not cancerous/ do not spread Malignant Tumors – cancerous/can spread - Metastasis – spread of cancer to other areas of the body

Cancer Treatment Surgery – most common treatment Radiation Therapy Chemotherapy – use anti cancer drugs Immunotherapy – stimulate the immune system. (2 ways) Inject harmless cancer cells to produce antibodies Inject other substances to stimulate immune system – PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Side Effects of Treatment Radiation – fatigue, nausea, and vomiting Chemotherapy – nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and fatigue

Reduce Risks of Cancer Know Warning Signs No tobacco Protect from Sun Healthy Diet BMI 6. Avoid Alcohol 7. Avoid exposure to chemicals and airborne fibers 8. Avoid Air pollution 9. Avoid HIV 10. Know Family cancer history

Asthma Asthma – Bronchial tubes become inflamed and constrict

Asthma Triggers Cause airways to tighten, swell, and fill with mucus Examples: pollen, dust, mold, dog/cat dander, cigarette smoke, perfumes… Exercise can induce asthma attacks Preventing Attacks – avoid asthma triggers/know warning signs

Allergies Overreaction of the body to a substance (allergen) Examples: animal dander, grass, pollen, mold, insect bites House dust – contains mites and feces Allergy symptoms: dizzy, nausea, skin rash, watery eyes, stuffy nose, difficulty breathing

Chronic Health Conditions Arthritis – Inflammation of joints Cerebral Palsy – disorder of the nervous system interferes with muscle coordination Causes: too much pressure on the head at birth, head injury, lead poisoning Cystic Fibrosis – large amounts of thick mucous in the lungs and pancreas Cause by abnormal gene

Chronic Health Conditions Down’s Syndrome – born with extra chromosome on the 21gene - 47 chromosomes instead of 46 (23 dad/23mom) Parkinson’s – brain disorder causes muscle tremors, stiffness, and weakness Sickle Cell Anemia – inherited blood disease – red blood carry less oxygen

Sickle Cell

Chronic Health Conditions Reyes – causes swelling of the brain and deterioration of the liver function due to a viral disease such as chicken pox.

Genetic Disorders – Genetic predisposition- inheritance of genes that increase the likelihood of developing the condition Hypothyroidism Colon Cancer Breast/Ovarian Cancer Alzheimer's Down’s Syndrome Sickle cell Cystic Fibrosis

BE SMART Make sure you educate yourself. Many of these Chronic Disorder can be controlled if you know the signs and symptoms.