Effective Presentation Techniques Donald Heer 11/4/09 Originally from Michael J. Quinn Version 1.5

Outline Structuring presentation Designing slides Pausing techniques Answering questions

Structuring presentation Designing slides Pausing techniques Answering questions

Structuring Presentation Planning Planning Delivery Delivery Sign posts Sign posts

Planning Talk: A  B Talk: A  B Consider audience Consider audience Set goal Set goal Create slides Create slides

Delivery Prepare audience Prepare audience Move audience Move audience Reflect on journey Reflect on journey Rehearse! Rehearse!

Sign Posts Orient listener Orient listener –Current topic –Progress Two styles Two styles –Intermittent –Ever-present

Backing Up Outline First topic Second topic Third topic First Topic First point Second point Third point

Backing Up Outline First topic Second topic Third topic First Topic First point Second point Third point

Backing Up Outline First topic Second topic Third topic First Topic First point Second point Third point Second Topic First point Second point Third point

Backing Up Outline First topic Second topic Third topic First Topic First point Second point Third point Second Topic First point Second point Third point

Backing Up Outline First topic Second topic Third topic First Topic First point Second point Third point Second Topic First point Second point Third point Third Topic First point Second point Third point

Duplicate Outline Slide Outline First topic Second topic Third topic First Topic First point Second point Third point Outline First topic Second topic Third topic Second Topic First point Second point Third point Outline First topic Second topic Third topic Third Topic First point Second point Third point

Structuring presentation Designing slides Pausing techniques Answering questions

Designing Good Slides Content Content Unveiling Unveiling Color Color Subliminal messages Subliminal messages

Content Purpose Purpose –Complement speaker –Talk ≠ technical report Density Density –7 lines/page –4 words/line

Speaker Reads Slides A speaker may put his entire presentation on his slides. He turns his back to the audience and reads the slides aloud. Perhaps he feels this approach guarantees all the information will get to the audience. A speaker may put his entire presentation on his slides. He turns his back to the audience and reads the slides aloud. Perhaps he feels this approach guarantees all the information will get to the audience. This may be the most annoying way to give a presentation. Audience members feel insulted: they already know how to read! They wonder why the lecturer doesn’t simply hand out a copy of the slides. This may be the most annoying way to give a presentation. Audience members feel insulted: they already know how to read! They wonder why the lecturer doesn’t simply hand out a copy of the slides. The visual presentation dominates the presenter. The presenter is not adding any value to what is on the slides. The visual presentation dominates the presenter. The presenter is not adding any value to what is on the slides.

Speaker Interprets Slides Slides dominate Slides dominate –Provide all content –Hold audience’s attention Speaker supports Speaker supports –Faces slides –Helps audience understand

Complicated Derivation

Good Illustration > Complicated Derivation Number of processors Memory needed per processor Memory Size Scales poorly Scales well

Dense, Static Slides

Keep Making Progress Central Administration College of Arts College of Sciences College of EngineeringAthletics Student Services College of Business

Keep Making Progress Central Administration College of Arts College of Sciences College of EngineeringAthletics Student Services College of Business

Keep Making Progress Central Administration College of Arts College of Sciences College of Engineering Athletics Student Services College of Business

Slides Enhance Speaker Speaker dominates Speaker dominates –Faces audience –Provides content Slides support speaker Slides support speaker –Reinforce message –Orient listeners

Mixing Important/ Unimportant Words The isoefficiency and the scalability metrics of a parallel algorithm are crucial The isoefficiency and the scalability metrics of a parallel algorithm are crucial The typical parallel computers of the future will have thousands of CPUs and terabytes of RAM The typical parallel computers of the future will have thousands of CPUs and terabytes of RAM

Important Words Only Crucial metrics Crucial metrics –Isoefficiency –Scalability function Future systems Future systems –Thousands of CPUs –Terabytes of RAM

Unbalanced Lists Speedup Speedup –Sequential time –Parallel time Parallel computations Parallel computations Parallel overhead Parallel overhead Efficiency Efficiency

Balanced Lists Speedup Speedup –Expresses time reduction –Sequential time, parallel time, overhead Efficiency Efficiency –Expresses processor utilization –Speedup, number of processors

“Fly In” Fails Could you read this? Could you read this? How about this one? How about this one? Maybe the third time is the charm! Maybe the third time is the charm!

“Wipe from Left” Works Less distracting Less distracting Reduces eye movement Reduces eye movement Increases readability Increases readability

Typical Eye Movement Upper left Upper left Upper right Upper right Lower left Lower left Lower right Lower right

Image reproduced from

Wall of White Increases glare Increases glare Causes eyestrain Causes eyestrain Distracts from speaker Distracts from speaker

Red/Blue Conflict Red letters on blue background creates “flicker effect” Blue letters on red background just as bad

Low Contrast White on yellowYellow on white Black on blueBlue on black

Misleading Emphasis

Subliminal Message: Decline

Subliminal Message: Improvement

Structuring presentation Designing slides Pausing techniques Answering questions

Pauses Useful Useful Powerful Powerful Difficult Difficult

Silence Useful Awaiting thought Awaiting thought Switching gaze Switching gaze Reading slide Reading slide Reinforcing point Reinforcing point

Structuring presentation Designing slides Pausing techniques Answering questions

Pitfalls Hostile gestures Hostile gestures Wandering gaze Wandering gaze Body language Body language Missing point Missing point Seeking approval Seeking approval Excluding audience Excluding audience

Opportunities Welcoming gestures Welcoming gestures Focusing gaze Focusing gaze Body language Body language Getting point Getting point Reinforcing message Reinforcing message Including audience Including audience

Dangerous Responses “Good question” “Good question” “I’m glad you asked that question” “I’m glad you asked that question”

Summary Guide audience gently Design slides carefully Use pauses effectively Answer questions inclusively