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A Selective History of Physiological Psychology

You look at where you’re going and where you are and it never makes sense, but then you look back at where you’ve been and a pattern seems to emerge. R.M. Pirsig (1974) Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance

4000-year-old trephinated skull trephines

Ancient Philosophers

Hippocrates ca. 460 B.C.-ca 370 B.C.

Aristotle 384 B.C. – 322 B.C.

Claude Galen 120-ca.216 A.D.

The Renaissance

Anatomy and Physiology

Leonardo da Vinci

a. drawing of brain; line intersections are center of sensory perception b. drawing of skull c. drawing of brain in skull, showing ventricles d. drawing of ventricles, based on wax mold made from ox brain

Andreas Vesalius

De Humani Corporis Fabrica

William Harvey

René Descartes

Albrecht von Haller

Localization of Function

Charles Bell François Magendie

Johannes Peter Müller

Franz Joseph Gall

Paul Broca

Jean Pierre Flourens

Karl Lashley

Electrical Bases of Neural Activity

Luigi Galvani

Critical Experiment 1791

Alessandro Volta Critical Experiment 1800

Emil du Bois-Reymond

Hermann L.F. von Helmholtz

Sir Charles Sherrington

Histology of the Nervous System

Marie Bichat

Camillo Golgi

Santiago Ramon y Cajal

Chemical Bases of Nervous Function

Claude Bernard

Sir Henry Dale

vagus nerve Ringer’s solution frog’s heart Dale’s Experiment 1. Stimulate the vagus nerve and the heart slows down 2. Add acetylcholine to the Ringer’s solution and the heart slows down

Otto Loewi

vagus nerve Ringer’s solution frog’s heart Loewe’s Experiment 1. Stimulate the vagus nerve and the heart in beaker A slows down THEN 2. Transfer Ringer’s solution from A to B and heart in B slows down A B transfer Ringer’s

Synaptic Plasticity

Donald Hebb

Hebb’s Postulate of Learning D.O. Hebb (1949) Organization of Behavior. N.Y.: Wiley & Sons, p. 62.