Epithelial,Connective, Muscle and Nervous Tissues Chapter 5 in your textbook

What are tissues?  First, what are the levels of organization? Atoms- Molecules- Cells- Tissues- Organs- Organ systems- Whole organism!!

So using the levels of organization, tissues are made up of what?  CORRECT….. CELLS!!! All tissues are, are a bunch of the same type of cells together!

4 Different Types of Tissues  Does anybody know any of the four?  1. Epithelial Tissue  2. Connective Tissue  3. Muscle Tissue  4. Nervous Tissue

General Epithelial Tissues 1.They are found throughout the body: covering organs and forming inner linings of body cavities. 2.They are connected to Connective Tissues by the basement membrane. 3.They lack blood vessels.  IF they do not have blood vessels how do you think they receive nutrients?

General Epithelial Tissues 1.They divide rapidly. 2.They are tightly packed together. 3.They are classified according to their layers of cells.

General Epithelial Tissues  How do you think the characteristics we just listed relate to what epithelial tissues do?  They divide rapidly- how does that help the body?  Injuries can heal rapidly to these tissues, skin and stomach cells are continually damaged and replaced quickly.

General Epithelial Tissues They are tightly packed- how does this help the cell? They form protective barriers in places like the outer skin, and your mouth.

 Simple:  Simple: composed of a single layer of cells.  Stratified:  Stratified: those with two or more layers of cells.  Squamous:  Squamous: Flattened cells.  Cuboidal:  Cuboidal: Those with cubed shaped cells.  Columnar:  Columnar: Elongated cells. TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS: Classified by layers

Some examples of what Epithelial cells may look like:

Where can Epithelial tissues be found? Some are found lining the lungs and help exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. Some line the kidneys and glands in the body (ie; sweat gland)

 Others are found in the skin as a tough layer.  Still others are found in the respiratory organs, reproductive organs and bladder or uterus. Where can Epithelial tissues be found?

STOP: Tissue Practice STOP: Tissue Practice 1. Tissue worksheet practice QUITELY!! 2. Epithelial tissue microscope lab and practice.

Connective Tissues Different types: 1.Loose Connective Tissue 2.Adipose Tissue (fat tissue) 3.Dense Connective Tissue 4.Blood 5.Bone 6.Cartilage

 1. Loose Connective Tissue  2. Adipose Tissue (fat tissue)  3. Dense Connective Tissue

General Characteristics of Connective Tissues  Binds structures (Connects structures: tendons and ligaments)  Provides support and protection  Gives nutrients to epithelial tissues

 Fill spaces (takes up space)  Stores fat  Produce blood cells  Protect against infections  Help repair tissue damage General Characteristics of Connective Tissues

General Functions of Connective Tissues  They divide easily.  Have a large blood supply and are well nourished. (this is where epithelial cells receive blood and nutrients).

 Connected to epithelial cells.  Some have a fixed number of cells and some are temporary and appear when needed in response to injury or infection. General Functions of Connective Tissues

Some examples of what Connective tissues look like:

Where can you find Connective Tissue?  Underneath epithelial cells  The space between cells and organs  Fat tissue can be anywhere- on the surface of organs, under skin, around the eyes and cushions joints.  Ligaments and tendons  Blood  Bone

STOP: Connective Tissues Activities Flip chart of all tissues! Worksheet Microscope lab of connective tissues

Muscle Tissues  Three types of muscle tissues:  1. Skeletal Muscle tissue  2. Smooth Muscle tissue  3. Cardiac Muscle tissue  Characteristics:  They are contractile- the elongated cells can shorten and lengthen.  As the contract, muscle fibers pull at the attached end causing body parts to move.

Cardiac Muscle  What is Cardiac Muscle?  Where would you find it?  What is its function?

Cardiac Muscle  What is it?  Cells are striated and  joined end to end.  One nuclei  Where do you find it?  Only in the heart  What is it’s function?  Involuntary (works without you knowing or thinking)  Pumps blood through the heart chambers and into blood vessels.

Skeletal Muscle  What is Skeletal Muscle?  Where would you find it?  What is its function?

Skeletal Muscle  What is it?  Voluntary muscle (controlled by conscious effort)  Lots of nuclei in each cell  Where is it?  Found in muscles that attach bone.

 What is its function?  Nerves stimulate the muscle fiber to contract and relax  This helps us move our head, trunk, and limbs.  Enable us to make facial expressions, write, talk, sing, chew, breath and so forth! Skeletal Muscle

Smooth Muscle  What is Smooth Muscle?  Where would you find it?  What is its function?

Smooth Muscle  What is it?  No striations  Short and spindle shaped, with single central nucleus  Involuntary actions  Where is it?  The walls of organs (stomach, intestine, bladder, blood vessels)

Nervous tissue  What is Nervous tissue?  Where would you find it?  What is its function?

Nervous Tissue  What is it?  Made up of cells of neurons- which sense changes in their surroundings  Where is it?  The brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.

Nervous Tissue  What is the function?  Transmit nerve impulses to other neurons, muscles or glands.  They communicate with other cells and muscles and tell body functions what to do.