THE THIRTEEN COLONIES

Virginia (1607) Massachusetts (1620) New York (1626) Maryland (1633) Rhode Island (1636) Connecticut (1636) Delaware (1638) New Hampshire (1638) North Carolina (1653) South Carolina (1663) New Jersey (1664) Pennsylvania (1682) Georgia (1732)

THE THIRTEEN COLONIES

Life in the English Colonies 1. types of colonial government a. charter – colony given permission to piece of ground with self-government overseen by the king- more freedom b. proprietorship- colony created by a grant of land by a monarch to an individual or family c. royal- colony controlled directly by the king 2. English colonies a. English settlers in Virginia 1. Roanoke Island –near North Carolina

ROANOKE ISLAND AND SIR WALTER RALEIGH

a. sent by Sir Walter Raleigh- returned after 1 yr b. Lost Colony of Roanoke- second colony 1587 expedition returns in 1590- all colonists gone 2. Virginia Companies- merchants form 2 companies a. Virginia Company of Plymouth and Virginia Company of London 1. companies received a charter to trade 2. London group settled-called it Virginia a. Jamestown –settlement established for trade expansion-had problems: 1. swampy land=malaria/and typhoid fever 2. colonists were unprepared for wilderness 3. John Smith –takes charge-makes it thrive a. saved by Pocohantas (Indian princess)

JAMESTOWN Pocahontas -freed John Smith -married John Rolfe -Malaria and typhoid killed colonists -colonists unprepared for wilderness John Smith Takes charge, had colonists farm, clear land, trade -captured by Native Americans -freed by Pocahontas Pocahontas -freed John Smith -married John Rolfe

3. John Rolfe –planted new crop called tobacco on plantations-worked by indentured servants/slaves a. indentured servants- people who worked for years (3-7) in exchange for passage to New World 4. Self-Government beginnings a. burgesses – representatives to House of Burgesses- elected by adult freemen- made laws (representative government- voters elect people to make laws for them) b. King James I unhappy- turns Virginia into a royal colony- but did not abolish House of Burgesses

B. New England Colonies (MA, NH, CT, RI) 1 B. New England Colonies (MA, NH, CT, RI) 1. Massachusetts 1620- William Bradford, Gov a. Plymouth Colony 1. Religious problems in England after Catholic Church split in England a. Puritans-new Anglican Church wanted to purify the new church from any Catholic rituals b. Separatists –group of Puritans who disagreed with these methods, so they separated

1. attacked- called themselves Pilgrims-term for travelers with a religious goal c. Pilgrims set sail for America on the Mayflower, 1. landed outside Cape Cod, (Massachusetts) Nov. 1620 d. Mayflower Compact –document setting up a form of self-government- agreed to obey laws passed by majority of men 1. first document in which American colonists claimed a right to govern themselves.

PILGRIMS COME TO NEW WORLD -escape religious persecution

The Mayflower PLYMOUTH ROCK

Pilgrims sign Mayflower Compact and celebrate first Thanksgiving

e. Plymouth – where they first land- hard winter 1. Samoset – Native American- speaks English a. introduced them to Massasoit, chief of Wampanoags, who helps them b. Squanto, teaches them hunting, planting, fishing 2. Thanksgiving –feast from Pilgrims’ bounty b. Massachusetts Bay Colony- Puritans 1. John Winthrop, founder/leader 2. religious freedom- Puritans- wanted to reform or change the Church of England a. irony- they had no tolerance for other religions

1. toleration – recognition that other people have the right to different opinions 3. turn Mass BC into a commonwealth – a self- governing political unit 2. Rhode Island 1636 -Roger Williams- founder a. founded for religious freedom 1. Williams felt Puritan church had too much power 2. He suggested separation of church and state – a principle our country is based on now 3. he was banished –founded Providence –new town that accepted all faiths 4. Anne Hutchinson – also challenged Puritan church; made her own community in R.I. b. Rhode Island became a charter colony in 1644

WILLIAM BRADFORD Plymouth JOHN WINTHROP Massachusetts Bay Colony

Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony had no tolerance for other religions. Depicted here are two Quakers who were executed for their religious beliefs.

PURITANS PREACHING TO THE NATIVE AMERICANS

Roger Williams was the first to suggest a separation of church and state. This angered the Puritans of the MBC, so he was banished from Massachusetts. He founded Providence, Rhode Island, a safe haven for all religions.

Anne Hutchinson was expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Company due to her preaching about the separation of church and state.

3. New Hampshire 1622- John Mason and Ferdinando Gorges, founder/leaders a. became a royal colony in 1680 after split from Massachusetts 4. Connecticut 1636- Thomas Hooker (minister)- founder/leader- disagreed with Puritan leaders a. reason for founding –religious freedom/trade b. founded Hartford c. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut –first American constitution (plan of government) d. Became a charter colony in 1662

New Hampshire John Mason Ferdinando Gorges Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason study their 1622 grant.

Thomas Hooker, founder of Connecticut, is called the “Father of American Democracy” because he authored “The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, which was the first form of a constitution in the United States.

C. Middle Atlantic Colonies (New York, PA, New Jersey, Delaware) 1 C. Middle Atlantic Colonies (New York, PA, New Jersey, Delaware) 1. New York 1624- Peter Minuet-Dutch a. New Netherland becomes New York when James, Duke of York, seizes it. b. Reason for founding –expansion of trade c. Government- James, Duke of York was named proprietor, or owner of the colony 2. Pennsylvania 1681- William Penn- founder a. proprietorship –land given by King to Penn’s father

a. named it Pennsylvania which meant “Penn’s Woods” b. founded for religious/political freedom 1. Quakers – Penn’s religious group-believed all people were equal a. pacifists – believed in peace/not war- known as the Society of Friends b. Penn’s Holy Experiment- all religions together 2. Pennsylvania Dutch –German-settled on the rivers 3. New Jersey 1682 a. John Berkelely and George Carteret- founders b. Reason: money/religious freedom c. royal colony

WILLIAM PENN His rule His Beliefs Religious freedom WHY HE GOT PENNSYLVANIA RECEIVED LAND GRANT BECAUSE HIS DAD LENT KING CHARLES MONEY Brought his religious community, the Quakers, with him. His Beliefs Religious freedom Popular support of the government His rule Treated Native Americans well Believed all people were equal

The Quakers, or Society of Friends, were a religious group that believed that all people, regardless of color, race or creed, were equal. They were the first group to protest slavery. They were also pacifists- people who believed in peace rather than war.

4. Delaware 1664 a. Swedish settlers –founders D 4. Delaware 1664 a. Swedish settlers –founders D. Southern Colonies (VA, MD, SC, NC, GA) 1. Virginia (Jamestown) 1607 2. Maryland 1632 a. George Calvert and Lord Baltimore –founders b. Reasons- religious freedom/profit from land sale 1. religious refuge for Catholics after split in England 2. Toleration Act- Lord Baltimore passed this act a. guaranteed all Christians the right to worship

George Calvert Lord Baltimore Both men were Catholic. They wanted to have a colony in the New World that would allow Catholics’ religious freedom. They provided this in the colony called Maryland.

3. South Carolina 1663 and North Carolina 1663 a 3. South Carolina 1663 and North Carolina 1663 a. Eight proprietors- founded for profit from trade (tobacco crops) 1. North –mainly Virginia farmers 2. South – mainly West Indies, British, and other settlers a. Charles Town – major port city 4. Georgia 1732 a. James Oglethorpe –founder/leader 1. brought over people from debtor’s prison to work off their debts (debtors-people who owe money) b. Colony created to keep Spanish within Florida’s borders

James Oglethorpe wanted to help those in England’s debtors’ prison, so he suggested they be sent to Georgia to work off their debts and fight the Spanish encroachment. King George II supported this idea, so he allowed the debtors to leave England. However, not all the debtors wanted to go to fight the Spanish.