IGOS-P Water Theme The 8 th GISP Meeting November 2003 Khon Kaen, Thailand Kenji Nakamura Nagoya Univ. JAXA.

IGOS-P: Integrated Global Observing Strategy - Partnership Coordination of satellite and ground observation to meet wide scope data requirements Themes: Ocean, Water Cycle, Carbon, Geohazard, Atmospheric Chemistry, Coastal …, Partners: CEOS, WCRP, WMO, UNESCO, FAO, … IGOS-P Water Cycle theme at Bethesda, MD, USA January, 2003 on Precipitation The 2nd WS at ESTEC on Applications at ESTEC, Netherlands for March 5-7, 2003 The 3rd WS at Awaji in Japan on March 14, 2003, before the 3 rd WFF IGOS-P Paris meeting on June 5, 2003 A session in the coming CEOS Plenary Meeting in US (November) WMO, WCRP and CEOS would lead the implementation of IGOS-P water theme.

IGOS-P Water Cycle Theme Foreword (D. Carson) Table of Contents Executive Summary 1. Motivation for the Water Cycle theme 2. The Scope of the Water Cycle Challenge 3. Applications for Water Cycle Data 4. Existing and Planned Systems for Priority Water Cycle Variables 5. Data Acquisition and Distribution 6. Towards Integration 7. Linkages 8. Institutional and Funding Issues 9. Implementation Structure and Timetable 10. Recommendations related to Implementation (Summary) 11. References Appendices

(1) The water has a vast scope and strong relationship with human society. The water cycle variation to human society and ecosystem should be mentioned. (2) Anthropogenic impact is not only global like global warming, but also local and direct. For examples, the river control, irrigation and deforestation have direct effects on the water cycle. (3) Precipitation always has the highest priority. Following the precipitation, soil moisture, snow cover, and others are required. (4) Future specific mission, such as multi-satellite GPM should be described. Continuous records and consistent measurements are critical. (5) Complementary feature of space-based and ground-based measurements should be kept in mind. Ground validation sites include not only one site observation but basin scale sites. Current GPCC type mission should be supported. In addition, new efforts, such as, super site, super basin observation should be implemented.

(6) Data archiving/process/distribution is necessary for handling huge data. (7) Processing and interpretation of huge data to information are essential. Much of end users would like to have concise information instead of huge data. (8) Smooth transition of observations from research mode to operational mode is required. (9) International activities should be implemented with recognition of various funding manners, since the funding varies from country to country. (10) Data availability and access are important for full utilization of the observation data. So, they should be written. (11) “ Super site ” type ground-based observation sites are required for full satellite utilization. CEOP is a good precursor under international cooperation. (12) Capacity building is essential for the data utilization in developing countries, and should be written as part of strategy. (13) Relationships with other activities, such as GEWEX may be listed as an annex.

GPM Reference Concept Core Satellite Dual Frequency Radar Multi-frequency Radiometer H2-A Launch TRMM-like Spacecraft Non-Sun Synchronous Orbit ~70° Inclination ~ km Altitude ~4 km Horizontal Resolution 250 m Vertical Resolution Constellation Satellites Small Satellites with Microwave Radiometers Aggregate Revisit Time, 3 Hour goal Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbits ~600 km Altitude OBJECTIVE: Understand the Horizontal and Vertical Structure of Rainfall and Its Microphysical Element. Provide Training for Constellation Radiometers. OBJECTIVE: Provide Enough Sampling to Reduce Uncertainty in Short-term Rainfall Accumulations. Extend Scientific and Societal Applications. Global Precipitation Processing Center Capable of Producing Global Precip Data Products as Defined by GPM Partners Precipitation Validation Sites Global Ground Based Rain Measurement

Design of the GPM Core Satellite and the DPR KaPR KaPR Additional radiation panel KuPR (Spacecraft design by NASA/GSFC) +x KuPR KaPR GMI Basic design of KuPR and KaPR is the almost same as TRMM PR. Wave-guide connectors Flight Direction

Core satellite launch: 2008? ESA showed strong interest in GPM. Decision to go forward (6  2) will be given in March GPM in Japan GPM is ranked among future missions in the Roadmap of EO scenario for the new space agency. Phase B study from JFY 03 was approved by SAC (MEXT) on Nov. 27. Though Ministry of Finance did not approve GPM study as phase B officially, budget and personnel requests were accepted as requested by MEXT. Not an established project, but “quasi-project” in EORC/JAXA. GPM science team was established in August Preliminary evaluation has successfully passed in NASDA (JAXA) in the last August. Next one will be in February/March GCOM-B1: need feasibility study for less constellation satellite case. Building up International framework is a matter of great urgency for us to request next phase-up and budget by May/June time frame. –The 3 rd GPM workshop was at ESTEC in June –GPM GV workshop is now in UK in November –Asia GPM workshop will be in February (2-4) in 2004.