Module 4 Unit 1 Decontamination

Objectives Identify appropriate level of protection identify was objects become contaminated identify various methods of decontamination describe emergency decontamination identify appropriate methods for dealing with contaminated patients

Objectives (cont) Demonstrate emergency decontamination perform technical decontamination

Types of contamination Direct Contamination contact with product or vapors Cross Contamination contact with a contaminated object

Assessment of Contamination Proper training and training Proper protection Physical and chemical properties is it needed type required

Decontamination methods Dry- brushing, removing, vacuuming does not involve liquids usually the first step of decon process important if chemical is water reactive wet decontamination- flushing, dilution commonly uses water dilution or physical removal by flushing

Decontamination Methods (cont) If material is not water soluble Then surfactant must be used Laundry detergent is common

Gross Decontamination Occurs at edge of Hot Zone leaves bulk of contamination in Hot Zone Combination of methods Hands off process Advantages: minimizes the risk through the rest of process lowers possibility of exposure to vapors

Secondary Decontamination Occurs after Gross, in Warm Zone Systematic head to toe removal Methods: usually wash followed by rinse and removal of PPE Hands-off until wash and rinse is done Process will vary

Tertiary Decontamination Fine removal of remaining contaminants usually performed at hospital includes- hygiene showers, skin debridement, dialysis, surgical interventions

Emergency Decontamination Rapid removal of contaminants Advantages Requires minimal special equipment Performed by operational level responders Enables rapid medical treatment minimizes risk down stream

Emergency Decontamination Equipment hydrant gate valve 200’ 2 1/2” hose 50’ 1 1/2” hose gated wye 1 1/2” nozzel cribbing salvage cover or plastic sheeting Set up hill wind

Decontamination Steps strip flush wrap

Technical Decontamination A through step by step process used to remove contaminates from responders or victims in a non-urgent manor. More through removal of contamination Methods will vary with chemical Technician level assistance is required

Mass Decontamination Rapid flush of large number of victims Methods- single engine or multiple engine considerations scene control use of hand lines and deck guns hands-off operation

Summary Types of decontamination Methods of decontamination Stages of decontamination

Activity 4.1

Module 4 Unit 2 Spill, Leak and Fire control

Spill Control Defensive operations to minimize damage to: the environment people things

Spill Typing Physical state Environmental Medium Solid Liquid Air Gas Surface Water Subsurface

Gas/Air Control methods ventilation dispersion blanketing dissolution

Liquid/Surface Control methods Diking Diverting Retaining Absorbing - sponging Diluting

Liquid/Water Control methods Booming Diverting Damming Retaining overflow/underflow Retaining Blanketing

Leak Control Limmited to remote shutoffs remote shutoffs unless properly trained and protected for product ie: LPG, Natural Gas, Gasoline remote shutoffs fixed facility’s transportation

Fire Control Fire Fighting Foam advantages reduces evaporation decreases production of vapors prevents ignition quick fire knock down

Foam Characteristics Hydrocarbon/ polar solvent/ Multi use protein/ synthetic based expansion ratios re-ignition/ burnback resistance water retention Heat resistance protection from freezing compatibility with dry chemical viscosity can be pre-mixed fuel shedding capability

Protein Foam 3-6% made from animal protein good re-ignition resistance excellent water retention may freeze may add anti-freeze

Flouro-protein Foam 3-6% Excellent fuel shedding long term vapor suppression good water retention long heat resistance low viscosity excellent for sub-surface injection

AFFF 1, 3-6% synthetic based good penetrating abilities may use non-aerating nozzles low viscosity can be pre-mixed multi-purpose

Application Rates May vary between manufactures different for ignited spills calculate and assemble needed amount before beginning application must be faster than destruction rate

General Guidlines AFFF and FFFP= .10 GPM solution psf Polar Solvents= .24 GPM solution psf Protein and Flouro-protein= .16 GPM Non-ignited require lower rates