University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 1 Lecture Outline Record macro and examine VBA code VBA Editor (IDE) Objects Assignment Statements Absolute vs Relative Reference Variables and Constants Functions: MsgBox InputBox

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 2 Macros = VBA programs within Office applications for example … Word: change font colour Excel: move cursor to another cell anything you can do from a menu!

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 3 Why create a Macro? Automate tasks: tasks you do repeatedly complex tasks that are error prone Customized functions/applications: perform specific tasks customize menus and toolbars create custom ‘front-ends’ for users

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 4 Macro example #1 Word Add your name at end of MS Word document >Tools >Macro >Record New Macro… go to end of document leave 2 blank lines indent a little type name select change colour change font size

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 5 Macro example #2 Excel Change cell D5 to contain the words “Hi there” in blue text turn on recorder name the macro move to cell D5 set text colour blue type “Hi there” stop recording

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 6 Where is the macro? Macro recorder writes VBA code and stores it with the spreadsheet When workbook is saved, code is too to see the macro code: >Tools >Macros >Visual Basic Editor (or Alt-F11)

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 7 VBA Editor (IDE)

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 8 VBA Editor – Project Window Worksheets Workbook Modules Forms

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 9 VBA Editor Properties Window Properties of selected object

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 10 VBA Editor Code Window Key Words Comments Code Errors Code: Objects Properties Methods

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 11 What is VBA? powerful programming language object-oriented Objects: cells, worksheets, menus, etc E.g., Range(“D5”) Properties: you control properties of objects E.g., Range(“D5”).Font.Name Assignment Statements: define property state E.g., Range(“D5”).Font.Name = “Arial” event-driven responds only when an event occurs

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 12 Spreadsheet Objects Workbook Worksheet Column Row Cell Range

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 13 VBA Objects Usually referred to by a name Cell B6 is named Range(“B6”) Column B is named Column(“B:B”) Nicknames for current cell/sheet ActiveCell ActiveSheet Objects of same type form a collection Worksheets is the collection name Worksheets(“Sheet1”) refers to one object

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 14 Object Hierarchy A Workbook may contain many sheets Workbooks(“Book1.xls”).Worksheets(“Sheet1”) Workbooks(“Book1.xls”).Worksheets(“Sheet2”) Active objects used by default Workbooks(“Book1.xls”).Worksheets(“Sheet1”).Range(“B6”) ActiveSheet.Range(“B6”) Range(“B6”)

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 15 Cell Properties Name: [A4] Font: Comic Sans Alignment: Right Text color: Green Value: 13 Formula: =SUM(A1:A3)

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 16 Assignment Statements Used to change an object Put number 15 into cell A3: Range(“A3”).Value = 15 Determine value in cell A3, and put in C4: Range(“C4”).Value = Range(“A3”).Value Add value in A3 to what is in C4: Range(“C4”).Value = Range(“C4”).Value + _ Range(“A3”).Value Increment B5 (add 1): Range(“B5”).Value = Range(“B5”).Value + 1

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 17 Subroutines begin with Sub MyName() end with End Sub Location Modules Worksheets Workbook UserForm

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 18 VBA code Sub ChangeCell() ' ChangeCell Macro ' Macro recorded 07/08/2007 by Andria Hunter ' ' Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl+m ' Range("D5").Select Selection.Font.ColorIndex = 5 ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "Hi there" Range("D6").Select End Sub

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 19 Stepping through code >View >Toolbars >Debug click in the code window >Step Into to run each line of code watch what happens in the worksheet Make sure your Excel worksheet is visible.

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 20 Relative Reference Defines one cell relative to another Offset(Row, Column) Row: positive moves to right Column: positive moves downward Examples: Range(“A3”).Offset(2,4) – refers to cell E5 Activecell.Offset(1,0).Select – moves down one cell Recording Macros Relative Reference button

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 21 Relative Reference: code Sub ChangeRelative() ' ChangeRelative Macro ' Macro recorded 07/08/2007 by Andria Hunter ' ' Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl+n ' ActiveCell.Offset(-6, -1).Range("A1").Select Selection.Font.ColorIndex = 5 ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "Hi there" ActiveCell.Offset(1, 0).Range("A1").Select End Sub

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 22 Variables Short-term storage for information held in RAM while program running Examples: Dim vInfo Dim dNum As Double Dim iNum As Integer Dim sText As String

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 23 Constants Similar to variables, but cannot be modified while program is running Const vINFO = 0.25 Const iSIZE As Integer = 10 Const dHEIGHT As Double = 6.5 Const sWORD As String = “Hello” Built-in: vbYes, vbOKOnly, vbRed, etc.

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 24 Functions Abs (number)  returns number vPosNum = Abs(-55)  55 vNum = -2.3 vPosNum = Abs(vNum)  2.3 Range(“B3”) = Abs(vNum)  2.3 MsgBox Abs(vNum)  2.3

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 25 InputBox Function InputBox(message, title) sName = InputBox(“Enter your name:”,”Name”) Range(“B3”) = InputBox(“Enter your name:”,”Name”)

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 26 MsgBox Function MsgBox “Hi, Snipe!” MsgBox vPosNum MsgBox “Howdy!”, vbOKOnly, “Greeting”

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA 27 Macro from scratch Insert  Module and type code Sub GreetMe() 'This macro asks the user to enter a name, and then 'it uses a message box to display the name. Dim sName As String 'To store user's name 'Ask user for name, and store in variable. sName = InputBox("What's your name?") 'Displays "Hi, " plus the stored name. MsgBox "Hi, " & sName End Sub