Some Understandings of Internationalism Chapter 11 Some Understandings of Internationalism

Stephen Lewis ...We came out of Rwanda asking ourselves how it was possible that the world was inert in the face of a hideous genocide that everyone knew was taking place. It is my contention that years from now, historians will ask how it was possible that the world allowed AIDS to throttle and eviscerate a continent... United Nations Press Briefing

Current Dilemmas Continuing with this line of thinking... People are being displaced and wiped out through government initiatives around our world. Do these actions require world involvement or are they local issues?

Understandings of Internationalism A Larger Community Hegemonic Internationalism Revolutionary Internationalism Liberal Internationalism

Pinky and the Brain World Domination video

Hegemonic Internationalism Hegemony - means exerting a dominating influence over other groups or societies Colonialism Imperialism Even today, many people believe that international security and prosperity are best achieved when certain nation-states assert a leading role

Shaping the Modern World hegemonic internationalism has reflected in language and culture international communication - prevalence of English colonization - also played a major part

Hegemonic Control Are you subject to hegemony? In what ways are you made to think that “the way things are is the way they ought to be”? Can you think of possible examples?

Just a thought... The way I see it Isn't necessarily The way you see it Or the way it is Or the way it ought to be What's more important It's that we're all Looking for it And a way to see it Desi Di Nardo

and another...

So what? In what ways are YOU being influenced to do... think act believe live

Revolutionary Internationalism History extending back to the American and French Revolutions recent times: Ernesto “Che” Guevara Ayatollah Khomeini Created political and economic alliances as well as modern nation-states, war and - indirectly - the threat of nuclear war

Investing in the Model Time Management Why do we learn to organize and run our lives efficiently? Become workers in an economy that needs our labour to re-create itself

Why does education exist? Here is an example of buying into the model... Are there any legitimate arguments against mass schooling?

Education The single best investment you can make in your life but how do YOU exactly define a GOOD education? Think about it - it is harder to answer than you probably assume there are many factors that go into how teachers decide to teach certain information and this scares many people

Believing in Revolution A revolution (“a turn around”) is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that take place in a relatively short period of time Complete change from one constitution to another Modification of an existing constitution

Liberal Internationalism At its core the optimistic belief that, through greater interaction and co-operation between peoples, a common purpose will evolve Primarily to create wealth and peace, and it often is assumed that one would lead to the other Politically - creations of organizations (UN - 1945) Economically - regional trading blocs

Humanitarian Efforts Actions by nation-states and non- governmental organizations (NGOs) to improve the welfare of people in poorer countries Responsibility vs. Sustainability Funding/Implementation Issues

Economic Issues General assumption that interaction and co- operation is on equal terms and is mutually beneficial Critique - is that robust economies have an advantage Donor-Country values - imposed on recipient countries

Does aid work? Article from “Dead Aid” by Dambisa Moyo Does our world need to ‘give’ less and instead ‘offer’ opportunities for economic development?

Social Responsibility

Man versus Machine Are we convinced that individuals need to make major changes in our lives? Lights Recycling Automobiles Versus - an structural problem that forces us to believe that small changes actually create sustainable progress?

Motivation behind Internationalism Self-Determination Humanitarianism Global Citizenship Peacekeeping and Peacemaking Peace and Security Economic Stability

Self-Determination The ability and desire of a nation to fulfill its people’s economic, social, cultural and political needs so that the nation can continue to exist and grow 1980, World Council of Indigenous Peoples seeks to ensure fair and just treatment, united voice, for over 370 million people worldwide

Humanitarianism Belief in our common humanity The idea of moral imperative - the right thing to do much of humanitarian action relates to assisting other nations with long-term economic and social development rather than short-term crises

Global Citizenship To what extent do we have responsibilities to others around our globe?

Peacekeeping Peacekeeping - is preventing further conflict between parties Monitor the implementation of the ceasefire Oversee the resolution of the conflict Promoting security disarming opponents & training local police forces repatriating refugees & delivery of humanitarian relief supporting elections & strengthening rule of law

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Peace and Security Security alliance organizations aim to provide member nations with greater ability to maintain secure borders Greatest security threats of 21st century continued poverty & environmental degradation terrorism civil war conflict between states proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) organized crime

Motivation against Internationalism Political Stability Isolationism International Involvement in the Iraq War Rwanda Revisited: The Role of the International Community

American Isolationism Isolationism - a foreign policy in which a nation- state chooses not to become involved in the affairs of other nations, either militarily or through trade historical reluctance to become involved in European conflicts commerce, shipping and the growth of international trade encouraged US engagement internationally

Involvement in Iraq 11 September 2001 - assaults on the WTC and Pentagon were unprecedented attacks on American soil punish and deter further terrorism - attack Afghanistan (harbouring Al Qaeda fighters) November 2002 - broadened its “war on terror” to include Iraq

Canada’s Position We argued that a multilateral approach through the United Nations was key to enhancing the international legitimacy of military action and would make it easier after the war was over PM Jean Chretien, 8 April 2003 Do you agree with PM Jean Chretien’s statement?

Rwanda Revisited: Had the UN Security Council acknowledged that what was happening was genocide, it would have been legally obliged to act France, Belgium, USA declined to intervene UN Assistance Mission to Rwanda [UNAMIR] was not given a mandate to intervene or use force

Where does this all lead? Global Interaction:

Assignment The Motives for International Involvement First Part Today