The French Revolution and Napoleon ( ) Section One - On the Eve of Revolution

Setting the Scene Civic Unrest Factory owner cutting wages, although bread prices are increasing Enraged workers rioted and vandalized the owners house “LONG LIVE THE THIRD ESTATE”

The Old Regime Ancien regime – old order, carried over from the Middle Ages First Estate = clergy, Second Estate = nobility Third Estate = the vast majority of the population

The Clergy 1789 the French clergy still held a enormous wealth and privilege Church owned 10% of the land, collected tithes, and paid no direct taxes to the state Attacked by Enlightenment thinkers Provided some social services (schools, hospitals and orphanages)

The Nobles In the Middle Ages, noble knights defended the lands No longer defenders, nobles have top jobs in government, the army, the courts and the Church. Paid no taxes, though they owned large plots of land

The Third Estate 1789 the Third Estate totaled about 27 million people (98% of the total pop) Bourgeoisie = the middle class, in sighted fear into the nobles / hired by the royal bureaucracy to perform jobs nobles previously did

Bell Work Read the first paragraph on page 166 Analyze the graphs on page 167 Write 5 statements about the French social structure at the start of the revolution

Bourgeoisie 1. Bankers 2. Merchants 3. Manufacturers 4. Lawyers 5. Doctors 6. Journalists 7. Professors 8. Skilled artisians

The Third Estate 9 out of 10 members are rural peasant farmers Poorest members are urban factory workers 1. Apprentices 2. Journeymen 3. Printing workers 4. clothmakers

The Third Estate A large number of urban poor were unemployed Turned to begging or crime DISCONTENT!!! Cause by resentment

Discontent Wealthy bourgeois families had good jobs, but the best jobs were reserved for nobles Urban workers had miserable wages Smallest increase in bread threatened starvation

Discontent Peasants paid taxes on EVERYTHING Not allowed to hunt, only nobles were Enlightenment ideas spread to city centers and people began to question this old order

Economic Troubles Deficit spending – government’s spending more money than it takes in

The Burden of Debt Louis XIV left France deeply in debt 1. Seven Years’ War 2. American Revolution To solve financial problems government raised taxes, but nobles and clergy refused to pay.

Poor Harvest Sent food prices soaring Intense hunger to peasants and urban dwellers People rioted and in the country people attacked the homes of nobles

Failure to Reform Louis XV was more interested in pleasure seeking than fixing issues, debt increases Louis XVI chose Jacques Necker as financial adviser. Nobles and Clergy forced him out when he advised the King to tax them

Louis XVI Calls the Estates General 1788 France on the verge of bankruptcy Louis XVI calls for the Estates General, a move that had not been made in 175 years

The Cahiers = notebooks Notebooks that listed grievances of each of the estates Cahiers showed the resentment between classes using terms like “blood suckers” to describe tax collectors

Tennis Court Oath Each estate had a single vote within the government Third estate always outnumber 2 to 1, they wanted a head count, to represent voting N2MoGM N2MoGM

Storming the Bastille July , Spotlight belongs to Paris Royal troops rumored to occupy Paris Crowd of over 800 citizens stormed the Bastille demanding gun powder and weapons.

Storming the Bastille _sq4 _sq4