URBAN SETTLEMENT PATTERNS Unit 3: CGC1D URBAN SETTLEMENT PATTERNS

Questions Urbanization -5 kinds of urban places -Basic and non-Basic industry Central place theory -High / Middle and Low-order goods What factors influence the location and growth of urban centres? What is the relationship between urban centres and hinterlands? In what ways do urban places differ from one another?

Basic and Non-Basic Industries Industries that sell its products outside the community, bringing money into the community; provide jobs for residents (e.g., Collingwood ski resort provides jobs and wages for local residents). Non-basic Industries: Industry that sells its products within a community but it does not bring “new” money into that community (from the outside). Economic Base: Economic activities that allow a community to exist. For example, a town might exist because of local mining operations. Multiplier Effect: Total effect on the economy caused by expansion/contraction of jobs.

Definition: Urban Areas more than 1000 people living together in a city or town nearly 80% of Canadians live in urban areas

Definition: City group of more than 10 000 people can be considered a city in Canada

Definition: Metropolitan Area a large city (>100 000 people) and the attached urban areas not directly part of the city

How do cities start? as transportation “stop” areas. Example: Montreal is at the junction of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers as a central place for providing markets and services for the surrounding area Example: Regina, SK as a special function city built around a specific industry Example: Sudbury is a mining city Some cities grow so large they incorporate all of the above and become multipurpose cities. Example: Toronto

Christaller’s Central Place Theory This theory suggests that any good or service offered by a central place needs a minimum number of customers to stay in business Low-order goods & services (need only a small population to stay in business – i.e., milk & bread) Middle-order goods & services (larger population is needed – i.e., family doctors, hair salons, shoe stores) High-order goods & services (need a large population – i.e., specialized hospital, art gallery, designer clothing store)

Where do cities form? On transport routes (water is most important) Reasonably flat land Close to some form of industry (mining, forestry)

How do we divide land in cities? There are 6 major land uses in cities.   1. Residential – single unit, row housing, apartments 2. Commercial – stores, malls, offices, banks, restaurants, cinemas 3. Industrial – factories, warehouses, manufacturing 4. Transportation – roads, parking lots 5. Recreational – parks, bikepaths, beaches, museums 6. Institutional – schools, churches, courts, police and fire stations, government