Cells and Heredity Chapter 1 “The Cell”

Bell Work 8/22/11 Please get our your signed syllabus sheet Please get a green bell work sheet from by the sinks and begin answering the following questions in complete sentences 1. What is your favorite science topic? 2. What is the best experiment you’ve ever performed? Explain the experiment and the results

Card Sorting Activity 1. What are the characteristics of living things? 2. How do you know something is not living?

Living or Non-Living Activity 1. How did you decide if the item was living or non-living? 2. What does it mean to be alive? 3. Did you have difficulties with any of the items? If so, which item and what do you need to know in order to figure it out?

Bell Work 8/23/11 Please answer these questions on your bell work sheet. Please use complete sentences. 1. Is a cactus alive? 2. Is a seed alive? 3. Is the air we breathe alive? 4. Explain what you think it means for something to be alive.

Lab Safety For this lab you will need to… 1. Wear goggles at all times. 2. Stay away from the flame. 3. Listen for teacher’s instructions.

Candle Activity 8/17/10 Procedure 1. Carefully light one candle. 2. Sit quietly and observe the candle. 3. Make these observations in the lab section of your science journal What does the flame do? What does the flame do? What happens to the wax? What happens to the wax? 4. Discuss these questions with your group and record the answers in your science journal How does the candle seem alive? How does the candle seem alive? How do you know for sure that it is not? How do you know for sure that it is not?

Cells 1.1 Vocab Make a T chart in the Notes part of your science journal Organism (p.9) – Any individual form of life that is capable of growing and reproducing. Organism (p.9) – Any individual form of life that is capable of growing and reproducing. Unicellular (p.11) – An organism that is made up of a single cell. Unicellular (p.11) – An organism that is made up of a single cell. Multicellular (p.11) – An organism that is made up of many (more than one) cells. Microscope (p.12) – An instrument that makes an object appear larger than it is. Bacteria (p.14) – A large group of one-celled organisms that sometimes cause disease.

Homework 8/17/10 Make a list of at least 3 living things and 3 non-living things that you find in your house. Make a list of at least 3 living things and 3 non-living things that you find in your house. List how you know that each item is living or non-living List how you know that each item is living or non-living

Class Assignment Read pages 9-15 with your partner. Read pages 9-15 with your partner. Write down 3 things that you learned from the reading in the notes section of your journal. Write down 3 things that you learned from the reading in the notes section of your journal.

Bell Work 8/24/11 1. Why do you think the invention of the microscope was important? (pg 12) 2. What do scientists mean when they say that life comes from life? (pg 13)

Characteristics of Life 1. Organization 2. The ability to develop and grow 3. The ability to respond to the environment 4. The ability to reproduce

The Cell All living things are made of cells. All living things are made of cells. The cell is the smallest unit of a living thing. The cell is the smallest unit of a living thing. The cell is the basic unit of function in an organism. The cell is the basic unit of function in an organism. What activities that plants and animals do are carried out by cells?

The Cell Theory 1. Every living thing is made of one or more cells. 2. Cells carry out the functions needed to support life. 3. Cells come only from other living cells.

Peach Lab P. 15 Louis Pasteur’s experiment P. 15 Louis Pasteur’s experiment Bacteria and Spontaneous Generation Bacteria and Spontaneous Generation Explain peach lab Explain peach lab Explain Lab Write Up procedure Explain Lab Write Up procedure

Bell Work 8/25/11 Read pg then answer the following: 1. What are two characteristics of a scientific theory? 2. Explain how Pasteur’s experiment supported the cell theory and failed to support the theory of spontaneous generation.

Bell Work 8/26/11 Explain the characteristics that confirm that an Oak Tree is living. (hint: look back at the characteristics of life and explain how an Oak Tree has each of those characteristics)

Bell Work 8/20/10 Fill in the blanks (you only have to write the answer) 1. ____ confirmed the cell theory by proving that the theory of spontaneous generation was wrong. 2. When an organism is made up of only one cell, it is called a(n) _____ organism. 3. Hooke used a(n) ______ to observe cells from the bark of an oak tree. 4. An individual living thing that carries out the activities of life is called a(n) _____ 5. The smallest unit that is able to perform the basic activities of life is a(n) ______. 6. A frog is a(n) _____ organism.

Bell Work 8/23/10 Please write complete sentences. 1. What is the role of the cell membrane? 2. Give 3 examples of multicellular organisms.

Vocab 1.2 Cell membrane – a protective covering enclosing an entire cell. Cell membrane – a protective covering enclosing an entire cell. A layer that controls what enters or leaves the cell. A layer that controls what enters or leaves the cell. Cytoplasm – A thick, gelatin-like material contained within the cell membrane. Cytoplasm – A thick, gelatin-like material contained within the cell membrane. Most of the work of the cell is carried out here. Most of the work of the cell is carried out here.

Organelle – A structure in a cell that is enclosed by a membrane and that performs a particular function. Organelle – A structure in a cell that is enclosed by a membrane and that performs a particular function. Nucleus – The structure in a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material a cell needs to reproduce and function. Nucleus – The structure in a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material a cell needs to reproduce and function. Mitochondria – Organelles that release energy by using oxygen to break down sugars. Mitochondria – Organelles that release energy by using oxygen to break down sugars.

Endoplasmic reticulum – begins the process of manufacturing proteins Golgi apparatus – finishes the process of manufacturing proteins ribosomes – manufacture or build proteins

Cell wall – Only plant cells have these. A tough outer covering that lies outside the cell membrane. Cell wall – Only plant cells have these. A tough outer covering that lies outside the cell membrane. Chloroplast – An organelle in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll, a chemical that uses the energy from sunlight to make sugar. Chloroplast – An organelle in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll, a chemical that uses the energy from sunlight to make sugar. Central Vacuole – stores waste and water in a plant cell

Eukaryotic cell – a cell in which the genetic material is enclosed within a nucleus, surrounded by its own membrane. (most multicellular organisms) Eukaryotic cell – a cell in which the genetic material is enclosed within a nucleus, surrounded by its own membrane. (most multicellular organisms) Prokaryotic cell – A cell without a nucleus and without organelles. Genetic material is in the cytoplasm. (most unicellular organisms) Prokaryotic cell – A cell without a nucleus and without organelles. Genetic material is in the cytoplasm. (most unicellular organisms)

Bell Work 8/24/10 Match the definition to the correct term. Please write the term and the definition on your bell work sheet. When finished please begin working on your cell coloring sheet. 1. A cell with no nucleus 2. A cell with a cell wall and a nucleus 3. A device for viewing microorganisms a. eukaryotic b. prokaryotic c. microscope d. telescope e. plant cell

Bell Work 8/25/10 Please have out your cell coloring sheet Please have out your cell coloring sheet While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (no more than 3 people at a peach) While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (no more than 3 people at a peach) Bell work question – list three structures found in plant cells that are not in animal cells. Tell why each is not necessary in animal cells Bell work question – list three structures found in plant cells that are not in animal cells. Tell why each is not necessary in animal cells

Section 1.3 Notes

Organisms are classified by their cell type Most of the organisms alive on Earth today are made of single cells Most of the organisms alive on Earth today are made of single cells 3 domains for living things that are based on characteristics of their cells. 3 domains for living things that are based on characteristics of their cells. Archea – organisms that can live in extreme environments Archea – organisms that can live in extreme environments Bacteria – can also live in extreme environments and can multiply quickly Bacteria – can also live in extreme environments and can multiply quickly Eukarya – includes plants, animals, and fungi Eukarya – includes plants, animals, and fungi

Prokaryotes Prokaryotes unicellular organisms with prokaryotic cells unicellular organisms with prokaryotic cells Cytoplasm contain ribosomes but no organelles Cytoplasm contain ribosomes but no organelles Structure is simple Structure is simple Have a tough cell wall that protects the organism Have a tough cell wall that protects the organism Eukaryotes Eukaryotes Cells with a nucleus Cells with a nucleus Includes almost all multi-cellular organisms Includes almost all multi-cellular organisms Also includes unicellular organisms called protists Also includes unicellular organisms called protists Cells are complex in structure and larger than the cells of prokaryotes Cells are complex in structure and larger than the cells of prokaryotes

Cells in multicellular organisms specialize Specialization – Specific cells that perform specific functions. Specialization – Specific cells that perform specific functions. Different types of cells have different jobs Different types of cells have different jobs Example – most animals have blood cells, nerve cells, and muscle cells Example – most animals have blood cells, nerve cells, and muscle cells Example – plants have cells that function in photosynthesis, cells that draw water from soil, and cells that function to support the plant’s weight. Example – plants have cells that function in photosynthesis, cells that draw water from soil, and cells that function to support the plant’s weight.

– group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job Tissue – group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job Ex. skin tissue – provides protection and support for a human Ex. skin tissue – provides protection and support for a human Ex. Leaf tissue – provide protection and support for a plant Ex. Leaf tissue – provide protection and support for a plant Organ – a structure in an organism that is made up of different tissues working together to perform a particular function. Organ – a structure in an organism that is made up of different tissues working together to perform a particular function. Ex. Eye – allows sight Ex. Eye – allows sight Ex. Leaf – provides a plant with energy and materials Ex. Leaf – provides a plant with energy and materials

5 levels of organization LevelName Animal Example Plant Example

Bell Work 8/26/10 Good Morning – Please do not touch any of the lab equipment! Good Morning – Please do not touch any of the lab equipment! While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (no more than 3 people at a peach) While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (no more than 3 people at a peach) Bell work question – Complete the Venn diagram from your notes yesterday. On your bell work sheet write “in notes” for today Bell work question – Complete the Venn diagram from your notes yesterday. On your bell work sheet write “in notes” for today

Bell Work 8/26/10 While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (no more than 3 people at a peach) While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (no more than 3 people at a peach) Bell work question – List the five levels of organization and give an example for each for a monkey Bell work question – List the five levels of organization and give an example for each for a monkey

Bell Work 8/27/10 While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (no more than 3 people at a peach) While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (no more than 3 people at a peach) Bell work question (answer in at least 2 complete sentences) – How is a model similar to the real object it represents? How is it different? Bell work question (answer in at least 2 complete sentences) – How is a model similar to the real object it represents? How is it different? (see pg 32 if you are having difficulties) (see pg 32 if you are having difficulties)

Bell Work 8/30/10 Good morning, please get a new pink bell work sheet from the counter with the sinks. Good morning, please get a new pink bell work sheet from the counter with the sinks. List the function of each of the following List the function of each of the following 1. Cell membrane 2. Mitochondria 3. Nucleus 4. Chloroplast

Bell Work 9/1/10 write the sentences and fill in the blanks 1. The smallest unit that can perform the basic activities of life is _______ 2. Van Leeuwenhoek was one of the first people to see live cells by using a ______ 3. A plant cell organelle that uses energy from sunlight to make sugar is called a ________ 4. Almost all multicellular organisms on Earth belong to the domain ________

Bell Work 9/2/10 1. A tree has different parts, such as leaves and roots, that have specific functions. What does that tell you about its cells? 2. Not all cells in a tree contain chloroplasts, but the cells in the leaves do. Why is this?

Bell Work 9/3/10 List the 3 parts of the cell theory