Test Tomorrow! Bring a pencil! Chapter 1 Review Test Tomorrow! Bring a pencil!

1. What is biology? What topics would you study in biology? Study of life and living organisms Examples of what we study in bio: animals, plants, bacteria, genetics, cell division, ecology, evolution 2. List and describe the 8 characteristics of life (use your notes). Cell Structure and Function All living organisms are made up of cells (Unicellular or Multicellular) Multicellular organisms' cells become differentiated and develop into specialized tissues "Form fits Function" Organization Cells are organized, different cells/organelles/tissues/organs have different functions but work together to make a fully functional system Matter, Energy and Organization All organisms made up of matter and need a constant energy source Autotroph - makes own food energy (producers) Heterotroph - consumes other organisms for food energy (consumers) Metabolism - all energy using/producing reactions in the body

Interdependence of Organisms Growth All organisms grow and need energy to grow Grow because of cell division and cell enlargement Use nutrients from food to build new cells Reproduction Essential to the survival of the species; produce organisms like themselves since the offspring inherits the parents' DNA Asexual – offspring inherits DNA from one parent, identical to parent (unless mutation) Sexual – offspring inherits DNA from both parents, not identical to either parent Evolution Species' genes change over many generations; DNA/genes change because of changes in enviro or mutations Interdependence of Organisms All species are dependent on each other, no species can survive without other species Stability and Homeostasis Homeostasis - stable, internal living conditions Stable internal conditions not the same for all species If homeostasis is altered, can interfere with functioning of cell/body

3. List the steps of the scientific method in order. Observations – organize, research, use senses, take measurements Hypothesis – basis for experiment, question form, has to be testable, make prediction Experiment – 2 groups (control/experiment), only test one variable/factor at a time Results – analyze data, can trust data?, does support hypothesis? Theory – evidence based explanation for phenomena 4. What is a hypothesis? Question about a problem you’ve observed Basis for experiment, has to be testable Usually make a prediction about what is causing the problem 

5. Why does a scientific experiment need a control group 5. Why does a scientific experiment need a control group? (know difference between control & experimental group) Need to have control group so you can compare the results of the experimental group with results that would happen “normally” Control – does not have experimental factor Experimental group – exposed to the experimental factor 6. How many experimental factors should be in a properly designed scientific experiment and why? Only ONE!!! B/c if you test more than one factor at a time, you won’t know what caused the results 7. What is the difference between the experimental factor and the independent variable? Nothing! Experimental factor – new variable being tested, same as independent variable Dependent variable – what you’re hoping will be affected by the experimental factor.

8. What should you do during the results step? Analyze data, can you trust the data? Does it support your hypothesis? 9. What is a theory? Are scientific theories the same as a scientific fact? Evidence based explanation for how/why something happens Believed to be true by majority of people, based on evidence from scientific tests NO, not a fact! Can be proven wrong as new data comes out

- Length: meter (m) - Time: second (s) 10. What are the SI base units for measuring length, mass, time, volume and temperature?  - Length: meter (m)  - Time: second (s) - Mass: gram (g)  - Temperature: Celsius ( C) 11. Why was the SI system invented? To have a universal measuring system for the whole world to use   12. Describe how the SI system works. Different base unit to describe what you’re measuring Add prefixes to base term to change value Each prefix is a multiple of 10

Autotroph – Organism that makes its own energy/food, most use energy from sun to make food, aka producers; Examples: plants, algae, some bacteria Control Group – Group that serves as a standard for comparison, the “normal” group, not exposed to experimental factor Dependent Variable – The factor you are measuring, changed by the experimental factor Experimental Factor – The factor you are changing, the independent variable Experimental Group – Group you are performing the experiment on, has the experimental factor Heterotroph – Organism that uses other organisms for energy/food source, aka “consumer”; Example – animals, fungus, protists, some bacteria, rare plants

Homeostasis – Stable internal living conditions Magnification – Increase of an object’s apparent size Multicellular – Many celled organism, Cells are differentiated (specialized); Example – animal, plant, fungus Resolution – Clarity of the enlarged image, amount of details shown Scientific Method – Process scientists follow when conducting an experiment Unicellular – Single celled organism; Example – bacteria, protist, algae

Know parts of the microscope. Know how to calculate total magnification of a microscope. Eyepiece is 10x Multiply eyepiece magnification with magnification in the objective lens Example: If the objective lens is 20X, the total magnification is: 20x x 10x (eyepiece) = 200x Total magnification 35x x 10x (eyepiece) = 350x Total magnification