The Cell =player_detailpage&v=gFuEo2ccTPA

A. History of Cells & the Cell Theory 2 Cell Specialization

Anton van Leeuwenhoek a.First to make and use a compound light microscope b.He found tiny living things in water he called “animicules” c.Considered the “father of Microscopy” because of his advances in making microscopes and lenses.

Hooke Hooke is responsible for naming cells. Hooke looked at cork and called them “CELLS” because they looked like the small rooms that monks lived in called Cells 4

3. The Cell Theory a. In 1838, a German botanist named Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants were made of cells 5

b. In 1839, a German zoologist named Theodore Schwann concluded that all animals were made of cells. 6

c. In 1855, a German medical doctor named Rudolph Virchow observed, under the microscope, cells dividing. He stated that all cells come from other pre- existing cells by cell division 7

d. CELL THEORY(final results) 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things. (basic unit of life) 3. All cells are produced from other cells. 8

B. Cell Size and Types 1. Cells, the basic units of organisms, can only be observed under microscope 2. Three Basic types of cells include: 9 Animal CellPlant Cell Bacterial Cell

Cell Size Question: Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse? 10

3. CELL SIZE- 3. CELL SIZE- Typical cells range from 5 – 50 micrometers (microns) in diameter * 11

4. Factors Affecting Cell Size a. Surface area b. Volume of a cell c. Volume increases FASTER than the surface 12

What’s the Answer? Question: Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse? 13 About the same size, but … The elephant has MANY MORE cells than a mouse!

5. Number of Cells a. a. Although ALL living things are made of cells, organisms may be: 1. Unicellular – composed of one cell 2. Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize into tissues, etc. 14

Which Cell Type is Larger? 15 _________ > _____________ > ___________ Plant cellAnimal cellbacteria

a. Multicellular Organisms 1. Cells in multicellular organisms often specialize (take on different shapes & functions) 16

Specialized Animal Cells Muscle cells 17 Red blood cells Cheek cells

Specialized Plant cells 18 Xylem cells Pollen Guard Cells

C. Organization Levels of Life 19 Atoms to Organisms

20 a. ATOMS  b. MOLECULES  c. ORGANELLES 1. Nonliving Levels

21 a. CELLS – life starts here b. TISSUES – Similar cells working together 2. Living Levels  

22 c. ORGANS d. ORGAN SYSTEMS e. ORGANISM Different tissues working together Different organs working together  Different systems working together to make a whole complete living things

D. Simple or Complex Cells 23

1. Prokaryotes – The first Cells a. Cells that have no nucleus or special cell parts b. Surrounded by cell membrane & cell wall c. Includes bacteria d. Simplest type of cell e. Single, circular chromosome 24

2. Eukaryotes-complex a. Contain 3 basic cell structures: –Nucleus –Cell Membrane –Cytoplasm with organelles b. Includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals 25

c. Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cell 2. Animal Cell