The Water Cycle

The Water Cycle Essential Question: How does water change state and move around on Earth? Purpose: 1. Describe the water cycle. 2. Describe the different processes of the water cycle that occur on Earth.

VOCABULARY Word Definition In your own words Picture Water cycle Evaporation Transpiration Sublimation Condensation Precipitation

What is the Water Cycle? Movement of water between the atmosphere, land, oceans, and living things makes up the water cycle.

Water Flow Gravity: Responsible for the precipitation falling from atmosphere. Water flows downward in rivers, streams and waterfalls If land is flat form ponds, lakes and marshlands; will collect underground by seeping through soil called groundwater. Upward movement as water vapor and carried by wind; wind is also responsible for ocean currents. Visualize pg. 16 of book

State Change (not from New Jersey to New York) Liquid Solid Gas

How does water change state? Changes state as energy is released or absorbed As water absorbs energy from its surroundings, melting, change from solid to liquid. Water absorbs energy as it evaporates, changes from liquid to gas. Water absorbs energy from it surroundings, sublimation, from solid to gas.

How does water change state? Water releases energy into its surroundings as it condenses, from gas to liquid. Water release energy as it freezes, from a liquid to a solid. Water releases energy as it deposits, from a gas to a solid NO WATER IS LOST DURING PHASE CHANGES Do page 17 “Visualize It!”

How does water reach the atmosphere? Water reaches the atmosphere in one of 3 ways: Evaporation Transpiration Sublimation IT TAKES A LOT OF ENERGY FOR A LIQUID OR SOLID TO TURN INTO WATER VAPOR Where does the energy come from to change a liquid or a solid to a gas? The Sun

How does water reach the atmosphere? Evaporation: occurs when liquid water changes to water vapor 90% of water vapor in atmosphere comes from evaporation Some comes from the land but most comes from oceans Oceans receive most of solar energy from sun Transpiration: release of water vapor into the air by plants Liquid water turns to water vapor inside the plant Water vapor is released through tiny holes in the plant called the stomata

How does water reach the atmosphere? Sublimation: solid water changes directly to water vapor without becoming a liquid first Occurs when wind blows over ice or snow Low pressure Very cold Small amount of water in the atmosphere comes from sublimation #9 page 18

What do A, B, and C represent?

What happens to water in the atmosphere? Water reaches the atmosphere as water vapor To leave must change to liquid or solid WHY? Liquid or solid can fall to Earth’s surface

What happens to water in the atmosphere? Condensation: change in state of water from gas to liquid Occurs when water is cooled enough Latches on small particles to little balls or droplets of water Droplets float in air as clouds, fog or mist On ground will condense as dew.

What happens to water in the atmosphere? Precipitation: any form of water that falls to Earth from the clouds Droplets “stick” together to become larger and fall to surface 4 common types: rain, sleet, snow, hail Most falls in oceans—why? Where most of water evaporates from How does precipitation fall on land? Winds carry clouds from ocean over land Pg. 19 10 and 11

How does water move on land and in the oceans? After water falls to the surface, it flows and circulates all over the Earth Water flows downhill on the surface and underground on land Most precipitation falls into the ocean; currents move ocean water

Runoff and Infiltration What causes water on land to flow downhill? Gravity Streams, rivers and the water that flows over land are types of runoff Flows downhill toward oceans, lakes, and marshlands Water on land that seeps into the ground is called infiltration Flows downhill through soil and rock Pg.20 #12

Ice Flow Most ice located in Greenland and Antarctica—some stored in glaciers all over Earth Glaciers: cover approximately 10% of Earth Called “Rivers of Ice” Gravity causes glaciers to flow downhill May never leave land May flow to the ocean and break apart to form icebergs

Ocean Circulation Winds move ocean water on the surface in currents over long distances. If water is cold or salty, water will sink deep into the ocean to help create currents Surface currents and deep ocean currents transports large amounts of water from ocean to ocean Pg. 20 #13

What does water cycle transport? Water cycle transports: energy How? (Turn and Talk) matter How? (Turn and Talk) Energy is transported through change of state and by water movement. Matter is transported around world by: Ocean currents Rivers Glaciers Pg. 21 #15

Identify the processes in the picture