HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Chemical co-ordination: Where the homeostasis of the body is maintained through the actions of chemicals (hormones), either endocrine or exocrine.
Exocrine glands (system) Secretions through tubes to tissues / places where they work. Endocrine glands (system) Secretions into bloodstream to go to where they will work.
Hormone: a regulatory substance produced in an organism, transported in tissue fluids such as blood to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action. Thus hormones regulate (control) actions / reactions by stimulating cells or tissues to do something. They get to the cells via tissue fluids.
These are examples of substances released by these glands. Only the blocked ones apply.
GLANDHORMONE & FUNCTION Hypothalamus Brain = below & middle ADH= Anti Diuretic Hormone Controls water reabsorbtion in the kidneys.
GLANDHORMONE & FUNCTION Pituitary / Hypophysis Brain = attached to Hypothalamus GH= Growth Hormone Peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration. TSH = Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Stimulates thyroid gland to produce Thyroxin. FSH = Follicle Stimulating Hormone Regulates development, growth and reproductive processes.
GLANDHORMONE & FUNCTION Pituitary / Hypophysis Brain = attached to Hypothalamus LH = Luteinising Hormone Triggers ovulation and formation of corpus luteum in women. In men stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone. Prolactin = Stimulates lactation (milk production after birth)
GLANDHORMONE & FUNCTION Thyroid gland Surrounds the trachea (butterfly / bow-tie shaped) Thyroxin = Regulates metabolism. (needs iodine to be produced).
GLANDHORMONE & FUNCTION Pancreas / Islets of Langerhans Left side of body just below diaphragm. Insulin = peptide hormone produced by beta-cells, regulates carbohydrate and fat metabolism, takes glucose out of the blood, stores in tissues. Glucagon = peptide hormone produced by alpha-cells, raises concentration of glucose in blood.
GLANDHORMONE & FUNCTION Adrenal glands Attached to the top of the kidneys. Adrenaline = (Epinephrine) Increases activity of the sympathetic system during fight – or – flight responses. Aldosterone = Regulates salt (NaCl) reabsorbtion by the kidneys.
GLANDHORMONE & FUNCTION Ovary Left and right sides of uterus, inside body. (O)Estrogen = primary female sex hormone for secondary sex characteristics. Stimulates endometrium growth, thickens vaginal wall etc. In males: responsible for sperm maturation. Progesterone = Maintains thickness of endometrium during pregnancy to ensure implantation.
GLANDHORMONE & FUNCTION Testis Left and right sides of penis, inside scrotum outside of body. Testosterone = Principal male sex hormone, plays role in development of male reproductive tissues such as testis and prostate, AND secondary male characteristics.
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM
A feedback in which the system responds in an opposite direction to the disturbance.feedback
Thyroid & Pituitary Glands THYROID GLAND PITUITARY GLAND THYROXINE Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Pancreas = Insulin & Glucagon Insulin Blood sugar Glucagon Blood sugar PANCREAS
Disorders of the Endocrine System Diabetes mellitus
Hyperthyroidism
Constitutional Growth Delay
Growth Hormone Deficiency (Dwarfism)
Primordial Dwarfism Little Kenadie isn't expected to grow past 30 inches or weigh more than 8 pounds. But she is now running, talking, laughing, and just beginning to start talking. This is Kenadie Jourdin Bromley who has primordial dwarfism. Kenadie is 11 years old born on Feb. 13th, 2003 weighing at just 2 lbs and 8 ounces.
Gigantism