Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS 1 “HIV and AIDS and Education” “Health Risk - Thinking Education” BEd Organizational Development Programme Friday, 4 November 2011 Harare David Mutambara Executive Director ZBCA

Presentation Outline About the ZBCA Personal traits in management. HIV and AIDS Basic Information. Teaching or Educating pupils about HIV and AIDS. What curriculum would serve our interests best on HIV in schools? Exploring your role as education leaders in influencing how HIV is to be approached in education. Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS 2

About the ZBCA ZBCA is a business Trust formed to scale up the business response to HIV. HIV is seen not as a people health threat but as a threat to business health. We provide technical support to business leadership on how to strategically position business to respond to the HIV pandemic. The key output of the business response to HIV is business’s viability and sustainability. Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS 3

What is your interest in HIV in Education? Plenary discussion: Key questions: 1.Do you want knowledge about HIV and AIDS or do you want to know about how to handle issues relating to HIV and AIDS? 2.Do you want students to know about HIV and AIDS or do you want students to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS? Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS

Personal Expectations: 1.What drives you in what you do? 2.How consistent is what you are doing now with your main driver? Reflection moment Plenary: What is your defining driver? Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS 6

REGION'S HIV AND AIDS OVERVIEW: CountryPrevalence (%)Adults living with HIVWomen living with HIV Angola Botswana DRC million Lesotho Malawi Mozambique million Namibia South Africa million3.1 million Swaziland Tanzania million Zambia171.1m Zimbabwe million

Trends in new HIV infections in Adults in Zimbabwe New infections adults , ,156 New infections ,30015,79114,957

Zim Decline

HIV Prevalence in Zimbabwe Adults prevalence ,7%14.1%14.26% Prevalence males % 3.5% Prevalence females %7.3%7.5% Prevalence chn %

ZDHS – CSO and Macro International HIV Prevalence by Age Age HIV in Zimbabwe

National HIV Estimates 2007 HIV in Zimbabwe

ZDHS – CSO and Macro International HIV Prevalence and Number of Lifetime Partners Percent HIV- positive Too few cases HIV in Zimbabwe

ZDHS – CSO and Macro International HIV Prevalence among Young People Percent HIV- positive HIV in Zimbabwe

16 Sex workers Multiple Concurrent Partnerships Combined with: Low risk perception in long-term relationships Low condom use in long-term relations Low levels of male circumcision The ‘Highway of HIV Transmission’ “Dry sex”? STIs (HSV-2) Early debut Cross-generational relations Serial casual relations PTCT Gender imbalancesStigmaMobility Underlying vulnerability factors:

Transmission of HIV HIV TRANSMISSION SEXUAL CONTACT 92% MOTHER TO CHILD 7% OTHERS 1%

The progression of HIV to AIDS HIV infects some cells (CD4 and macrophages) initially HIV then uses human cells to make more viral particles Virus then kills host cell The body’s immune system then attacks the virus Virus numbers increase and eventually overwhelm the immune system Secondary infections then occur

Progression of HIV STAGE 1-Asymptomatic (100% Performance capacity) STAGE 2-mild disease. skin infections, recurrent coughs, loss of weight, herpes zoster (100% Performance capacity) STAGE 3-advanced disease- Pulmonary TB, Meningitis, chronic diarrhea, oral Candida ( thrush), etc (50% Performance capacity) STAGE 4- Severe disease, severe loss of weight, Extra pulmonary TB, Kaposi sarcoma (0% Performance capacity)

CD4 count /WHO stage

WAY Forward HIV Prevention Abstinence Correct Consistent Condoms Mutual Marital Monogamy People are free to move from one Boat to another at will depending on circumstances A B C

HIV Treatment!

Other related interventions Care – infected and affected. Oprhan and vulnerable children. Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS 23

Responsive intervention: Know your status - HTC. Provide support structure: –Awareness. –Infection prevention methods. –Counseling. –Diagnostics. –Treatment. –Care and support. Focus on wellness. Monitor, evaluate and report. Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS 24

Life of a balloon: Group Activity: Design the best balloon. Lessons: 1.The balloon has no life of its own. 2.You give it life. 3.The process of giving life in deliberate and replicable. 4.The balloon has to know what is being done on its behalf – information documentation – database. 5.Does your balloon remain the best – monitoring, evaluation and reporting. Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS

Strategic vs Activity response. 1.Activity – isolated event which is complete in itself. 2.Strategic – purposeful events to achieve certain intended goals. Strategic events have to be measured, monitored and evaluated: 1.Inputs 2.Outputs 3.Outcomes a.Short term b.Medium term c.Long term 4.Impact Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS 26

ProcessResult InputClassroom teaching OutputEducated students Short term outcomePass their secondary school examinations Medium term outcomePass university Long term outcomeSecure decent employment ImpactDeveloped country Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS 27 Example of strategic response.

Why teach HIV and AIDS? Plenary discussion: Focus on the outcomes and impact. Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS 28

What curriculum do we need? Doing things rights Or Doing the right things? Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS 29