THE COLD WAR

KEY TERMS  CONTAINMENT  IRON CURTAIN  SATELLITE NATION  IDEOLOGY  SUPERPOWER  ARMS RACE  TRUMAN DOCTRINE  MARSHALL PLAN  BERLIN AIRLIFT  HUAC  BLACKLIST  McCARTHYISM  KOREAN WAR  38 th PARALLEL  PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE

ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR  Before World War II, Americans feared communism.  The U.S./Soviet Union Alliance was only out of necessity.  Stalin and U.S. Military Officials often argued over strategy. (Stalin wanted an invasion of Europe before 1944)  Both competed to build the atomic bomb first.

EAST-WEST SPLIT  TWO SUPERPOWERS: UNITED STATES AND SOVIET UNION  U.S.: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC/FREE- ENTERPRISE CAPITALISM  SOVIET UNION: COMMUNISM/TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIP

UNITED STATES  PRESIDENTS:  HARRY S. TRUMAN ( )  DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER ( )  JOHN F. KENNEDY ( )

SOVIET UNION  LEADERS:  Joseph Stalin ( )  Nikita Kruschev ( )  Lenoid Breshnev (during 1970’s)

THE IRON CURTAIN FALLS ON EUROPE  CAUSES OF THE COLD WAR -Soviet Union refuses to live up to wartime promises. - United States makes efforts to stop spread of Communism.

GERMANY DIVIDED  Agreement from the Yalta and Potsdam Conference  Zones of Occupation: -British Zone -French Zone -U.S. Zone -Soviet Zone

THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM  Stalin justified control of Eastern Europe to defend the Soviet Union from historically common attacks from Germany.  Stalin instilled communist governments in many of the Eastern European nations.  America feared that Western Europe was next.

TRUMAN AND CHURCHILL  Truman: “Unless Russia is faced with an iron fist and strong language, another war is in the making.”  Churchill: “From Strettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent.”

U.S. POLICY ON COMMUNISM  CONTAINMENT (created by American diplomat George F. Kennan)  TRUMAN DOCTRINE (1947):$400 MILLION AID TO GREECE/TURKEY  MARSHALL PLAN( ):$13 BILLION AID TO RECOVERING EUROPEAN NATIONS

COLD WAR POLITICAL CARTOONS

CRISIS IN BERLIN  Berlin was divided into four zones just as Germany.  Democratic zones developed and a communist zone, under Soviet control, developed.

SOVIETS BLOCK TRAFFIC  June 1948 Stalin ordered the blockade of all roads, railroads, and river traffic into West Berlin.  Citizens were cutoff from food and supplies.

TRIMAN ORDERS BERLIN AIRLIFT  Air strips were not blockaded.  U.S. plan to airlift supplies into Berlin.  7,000 tons of supplies were lifted daily.  Airlift last until May 1949  May 12, 1949 Stalin ordered the blockade lifted

NEW ALLINANCES  NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization- new military alliance to secure democratic nations (April 1949)  WARSAW Pact: military alliance with the communist countries of eastern Europe (1955)

SECOND RED SCARE  Soviet Union develops Atomic Bomb in  Increases the concerns for many Americans and fear of communism  Communism spread to China when Mao Zedong seized control of China.

FIGHTING COMMUNISM AT HOME  House Un-American Activites Committee (HUAC)  Investigate mostly communist activities inside the United States.  Most famous investigation was Hollywood Ten

MAJOR SPY CASES  Alger Hiss, placed communist in government positions.  Klaus Fuchs, sent atomic bomb info to Soviets.  Ethel and Julius Rosenburg, passed military secrets to the Soviet Union

McCARTHYISM  Tactic of spreading fear and making baseless charges that government officials were communist.  Senator McCarthy accused many government officials of being communist.

THE KOREAN WAR  1945 Yalta Conference: Allies agreed to divide Japanese occupied Korea along the 38 th parallel.  Communist North Korea/Democratic South Korea  Goal was to reunify the two nations.

THE CRISIS BEGINS  June 25, ,000 N. Korean troops invaded S. Korea.  President Truman felt that the U.S. had to take a stand against Communism.  North Korea captured the capital city of Seoul.

TRUMAN ORDERS ACTION  June 30 Truman orders ground troops into South Korea with the support of 15 other nations.  Forces were under command of General Douglas MacArthur

MAC ARTHUR COUNTERS  U.S. forces countered the North Koreans with an invasion at Inchon on September 15 th  By October 1 st South Korea was back under control.  North Korea responded with Chinese military forces.

THE END FOR MAC ARHTUR  By 1951 Mac Arthur wanted to expand the war into China and use atomic weapons.  This is where Truman and Mac Arthur differed.  Mac Arthur openly challenged the President.  Truman fires Mac Arthur in April 1951

FIGHTING ENDS IN KOREA  Truman’s efforts for a peace treaty failed.  Eisenhower wins 1953 election.  Korea looked as it did before the war.  37,000 American troops died.