Chapter 13: Urbanization Creating Livable Cities www.aw-bc.com/Withgott
Urbanization it is the shift from rural living forming cities and towns. arguably the single greatest change since transitioning from a nomadic hunter-gatherer becoming sedentary people introducing agriculture to our way of life.
Industrialization overproduction of agricultural goods lead to the specialization of professions leading to: class structure political hierarchies urban centers positive feedback: better technology= more and better paid jobs= more migration to the cities
Population in Developing Countries (2005-2007) www.aw-bc.com/Withgott
Geography of Urban Areas Factors: climate topography waterways location, location, location major river (Mississippi, Hudson, Ohio, Colorado) sea coast (Gulf Coast) railroad or highway trading corridor (I-35)
To the Suburbs 1950's Pros more space economic opportunities cheaper real estate less crime better schools
Cons human impact on the environment longer commute need of car congested traffic pollution lack of green space health land use costs of infrastructure
DFW 1990 www.earthvisionllc.net
DFW 2000 www.earthvisionllc.net
DFW 2009 www.earthvisionllc.net
DFW 2014 www.earthvisionllc.net
Sprawl "spread of low-density urban or suburban development outward from an urban center." causes for sprawl number of people highways- more people migrate technology (internet)- can work from home preference to space and privacy vs crowdedness per capital land consumption larger homes larger cars larger "stuff" like electric and electronic gadgets
Creating Livable Cities city planning parks and playgrounds neighborhood conditions traffic mapping of railroads, bus lines and such
regional planning same principles but in a much larger scale zoning metroplex zoning
Urban Growth Boundaries (UGB) intended to limit sprawl contains future growth within already existing urbanized areas limiting costs of infrastructure it can be adjusted according to needs
Pros revitalizes downtown preserves ecosystem: restoration via parks and reserves protects farms and industry already there ensures access to open spaces near city "building up" employment increased
Cons costs of housing are increasing density increases size of lots/houses decrease
New Urbanism designs neighborhoods with house, school, buisnesses and amenities close together mimic the traditional urban layout that existed before the creation of suburbs very dependant on public transportation
Smart Growth consists of building up, not out www.nctcog.org/TRANS Smart Growth consists of building up, not out develops existing communities multistory shopping center and housing buildings Addison Circle mass transit is vital cheaper, cleaner, efficient predictable, fair and cost-effective spending parks and open spaces community collaboration in city development
Urban Sustainability urbanization has positive and negative impacts depends on use of resources: cities are "resource sinks" production of goods: inefficient material transportation: inefficient waste: more consumption= more waste
Pollution some are exported waste air pollutants some water & soil pollutants
noise pollution highways light pollution San Diego L.A. wwwastro.caltech.edu/palomar noise pollution highways light pollution San Diego L.A. Night view panorama from Palomar observatory www.astro.caltech.edu/palomar
Innovation promoting education, technology and scientific research renewable energy pollution reduction local and organic produce recycling programs environmentally friendly technologies tax incentives (cash for clunkers) waste recycling THE END