THE WORKING CELL
THE WORKING CELL WHAT IS WORK? WHAT IS ENERGY? HUH?? ANYTHING THAT REQUIRES ENERGY WHAT IS ENERGY? THE ABILITY TO DO WORK HUH?? WORK IS REALLY DEFINED AS???
THE WORKING CELL ENERGY TWO TYPES KINETIC VS POTENTIAL CHEMICAL ENERGY? THE POTENTIAL ENERGY OF MOLECULES
THE WORKING CELL UNDERSTANDING ENERGY HELPS US UNDERSTAND WORK ENERGY IS GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS THE STUDY OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS THAT OCCUR IN COLLECTIONS OF MATTER
THE WORKING CELL THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS THE ENERGY IN THE UNIVERSE IS CONSTANT; ENERGY CAN NEITHER BE CREATED OR DESTROYED, ONLY CHANGE FORMS THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS ALL REACTIONS INCREASE ENTROPY!!
THE WORKING CELL CHEMICAL REACTIONS EITHER STORE OR RELEASE ENERGY TWO TYPES EXERGONIC ENDERGONIC CELLULAR METABOLISM??
THE WORKING CELL ATP SHUTTLES ENERGY WITHIN THE CELL WHAT IS ATP?? 3 PHOSPHATES + RIBOSE + ADENINE (N.B.)
THE WORKING CELL HYDROLYZING ATP RELEASES ENERGY
THE WORKING CELL PHOSPHORYLATION HELPS RECYCLE ATP!!!
THE WORKING CELL ENZYMES HELP CELL’S TO DO WORK ALL REACTIONS REQUIRE SOME AMOUNT OF ENERGY TO GET STARTED EVEN A BOULDER AT THE TOP OF A MOUNTAIN WON’T JUST ROLL DOWN THE HILL WITHOUT AN INITIAL PUSH!!!!! ENZYMES WORK BY LOWERING THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY NECESSARY TO START A REACTION ACTIVATION ENERGY!!
THE WORKING CELL WHAT ARE ENZYMES? CHEMICAL CATALYSTS!! ENZYME VS SUBSTRATE VS ACTIVE SITE?? INDUCED FIT VS LOCK AND KEY MODELS?? ENZYME NAMES??
THE WORKING CELL WHAT CLASS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND ARE ENZYMES?? WHAT CONTROLS THEIR FUNCTION? WHAT CAN ALTER THEIR SHAPE? DENATURATION?? PH TEMPERATURE SALT CONCENTRATION CO-FACTORS COENZYMES (VITAMINS)
THE WORKING CELL ENZYME FUNCTION CAN BE BLOCKED BY INHIBITORS INHIBITOR DEFINITION?? TWO TYPES COMPETITIVE NON-COMPETITIVE
THE WORKING CELL WHY WOULD YOUR CELL WANT TO INHIBIT ENZYME ACTION? NEGATIVE FEEDBACK IS A TYPE OF INHIBITION WE USE INHIBITORS TO CREATE PESTICIDES AND ANTIBIOTICS
THE WORKING CELL MEMBRANES ORGANIZE THE CHEMICAL ACTIVITIES OF CELLS DEFINITION? SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY
THE WORKING CELL
THE WORKING CELL MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPIDS FORM A BILAYER WHY ARE PHOSPHOLIPIDS GREAT AS BARRIERS? HOW DO SUBSTANCES GET THROUGH THE BARRIER? NON-POLAR SUBSTANCES POLAR SUBSTANCES
THE WORKING CELL MEMBRANES ARE A MOSAIC OF FUNCTION
THE WORKING CELL FLUID MOSAIC MODEL MOST COMMON DESCRIPTION OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE WHY FLUID? BENT TAILS OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS WHY MOSAIC?
THE WORKING CELL
THE WORKING CELL PROTEINS ARE WHAT MAKE THE MEMBRANE A MOSAIC OF FUNCTION ATTACH MEMBRANE TO CYTOSKELETON ID’S CELL FORMS JUNCTIONS BETWEEN CELLS CHEMICAL RECEPTORS SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION HELP MOVE SUBSTANCES ACROSS THE MEMBRANE
THE WORKING CELL HOW DO SUBSTANCES PASS THROUGH THE MEMBRANE? PASSIVE TRANSPORT DIFFUSION ACROSS A MEMBRANE WHAT IS DIFFUSION??
THE WORKING CELL DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY!!! REQUIRES A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
THE WORKING CELL WATER IS SPECIAL, SO IT GETS ITS OWN NAME!! OSMOSIS THE PASSIVE TRANSPORT (DIFFUSION) OF WATER
THE WORKING CELL
THE WORKING CELL PAYING ATTENTION TO THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT IS ESSENTIAL FOR CELL SURVIVAL!!! HYPERTONIC HYPOTONIC ISOTONIC
THE WORKING CELL WHAT HAPPENS TO CELLS PLACED IN THESE DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS?
THE WORKING CELL CELLS IN HYPERTONIC HYPOTONIC ISOTONIC
THE WORKING CELL FACILITATED DIFFUSION A SPECIFIC TYPE OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT
THE WORKING CELL FACILITATED DIFFUSION DEFINITION??
THE WORKING CELL WHAT ABOUT WHEN THE SUBSTANCE DESIRED BY THE CELL IS IN GREATER CONCENTRATION INSIDE THE CELL?? ACTIVE TRANSPORT
THE WORKING CELL ACTIVE TRANSPORT WHY ACTIVE?? DEFINITION?? WHERE DOES THE ENERGY TO DO THIS COME FROM? SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP (MOST IMPORTANT EXAMPLE IN THE HUMAN BODY)
THE WORKING CELL WHAT ABOUT LARGE MOLECULES? ENDOCYTOSIS VS EXOCYTOSIS DEFINTIONS??
THE WORKING CELL ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS THREE TYPES PHAGOCYTOSIS PINOCYTOSIS RECEPTER-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS
THE WORKING CELL “WAIT…MR. KRAUZ, WHERE DOES THE ENERGY COME FROM FOR THE CELL TO DO ALL THIS WORK??” STAY SAFE, AND COME BACK TO CLASS, AND YOU JUST MAY GET TO FIND OUT!!!