Session 4 Notes I.a. 450 million years old I.b.i. No longer a water bath 1. gravity ii. Water 1. for extracting and transporting water 2. for preventing water loss

I.c. Mycorrhizae (fungus) i. root of plant 2. extract phosphorus and other minerals from the soil 3. get food from the plant as well as housing ii. Water 1. for extracting and transporting water 2. for preventing water loss

II. Bryophytes (non-vascular) a.1. Liverworts a.2. Hornworts a.3. Mosses e. Water III. Tracheophytes (vascular plants) b.i Psilopsid (ferns) b.ii. Gymnosperm (conifers) b.iii. Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Liverworts

Hornworts

Mosses

Psilopsid (ferns)

Gymnosperm (conifers)

Angiosperm (conifers)

IV. Reproduction Basics a.i. ONE b.i. TWO b.ii.1. sperm b.ii.2. egg Sexual ReproductionAsexual Reproduction Advantages:  Combines DNA from two different organisms (male and female) to create genetic diversity  Gives a greater ability to colonize new environments and adapt to changing conditions  Eliminates deleterious genes Disadvantages:  Expensive, requires resources and energy Advantages:  Can occur rapidly  Requires fewer resources and less energy  No risk in fertilization (only one parent needed) Disadvantages:  All progeny are the same  No genetic variation

Asexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction