AP Biology D.N.A Objective: SWBAT explain the origin and diversity of vascular plants  Do you believe your Unit 1 Evolution Exam score reflects upon how you prepared for it? Explain your answer

AP Biology CONGRATULATIONS!  Unit 1 Evo Exam Average Score:  Summa Cum Laude:  Magna Cum Laude: 68% 68% Raymond! Raymond! Jonathon and Roslynn! Jonathon and Roslynn!

AP Biology HOMEWORK  TEST CORRECTIONS  1. Write out the question that you got incorrect  2. The correct answer  3. Explain WHY is it the correct answer  DUE ON MONDAY SEPT. 26 th

AP Biology First Eukaryotes  Development of internal membranes  create internal micro-environments  advantage: specialization = increase efficiency  natural selection! infolding of the plasma membrane DNA cell wall plasma membrane Prokaryotic cell Prokaryotic ancestor of eukaryotic cells Eukaryotic cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) nuclear envelope nucleus plasma membrane ~2 bya

AP Biology 1 st Endosymbiosis Ancestral eukaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell with mitochondrion internal membrane system aerobic bacterium mitochondrion Endosymbiosis  Evolution of eukaryotes  origin of mitochondria  engulfed aerobic bacteria, but did not digest them  mutually beneficial relationship  natural selection!

AP Biology mitochondrion chloroplast Eukaryotic cell with chloroplast & mitochondrion Endosymbiosis photosynthetic bacterium 2 nd Endosymbiosis  Evolution of eukaryotes  origin of chloroplasts  engulfed photosynthetic bacteria, but did not digest them  mutually beneficial relationship  natural selection! Eukaryotic cell with mitochondrion

AP Biology Kingdoms Single-celled ancestor prokaryoteseukaryotes EubacteriaArchaebacteria Protista multicellular uni- to multicellular autotrophs heterotrophs Plantae FungiAnimalia absorptive nutrition ingestive nutrition

AP Biology Domain Eubacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor Kingdom: Plants Domain Eukarya

AP Biology Evolution of Land Plants  500 mya land plants evolved  special adaptations for life on dry land  protection from drying = desiccation  waxy cuticle  gas exchange (through cuticle)  Stomates (mouth)  water & nutrient conducting systems  from roots/soil to leaves  xylem & phloem  protection for embryo  seeds

AP Biology Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers & fruit pollen & seeds vascular system = water conduction mossesferns conifers flowering plants colonization of land Tracheophytes Ancestral Protist flowers monocot 1 seed leaf dicot 2 seed leaves

AP Biology diploidhaploid Bryophytes: 1 st land plants Where must mosses live?  Bryophytes: mosses & liverworts  vascular system?  No! non-vascular  no water transport system  no true roots  reproduction?  swimming sperm  flagellated  Spores – a cell that can develop into a new organism w/out fusing with another cell

AP Biology Bryophytes: mosses & liverworts

AP Biology Peat Bog “Peat Moss”

AP Biology Pteridophytes: 1 st vascular plants diploid haploid  Pteridophytes: ferns  vascular system?  Yes! vascular  water transport system  xylem, phloem, roots, leaves  reproduction?  swimming sperm  flagellated  spores Where must ferns live?

AP Biology Pteridophytes: Ferns SelaginellaPsilotum HorsetailsFerns

AP Biology Early Pteridophytes: Tree Ferns Carboniferous forest – mya Forests of seedless plants decayed into deposits of coal & oil Fossil fuels… I get it!

AP Biology  Gymnosperm: conifers  vascular system?  Yes! vascular  xylem, phloem, roots, leaves  reproduction?  Seeds  Consist of an embryo packaged with a food supply and protective covering  naked seeds (no fruit)  pollen  Transfers sperm to egg First seed plants: Gymnosperm

AP Biology Gymnosperm: conifers

AP Biology Cones & naked seeds

AP Biology First flowering plants  Angiosperm: flowering plants  vascular system?  Yes! Vascular  reproduction?  flower ◆ sexual selection: attract pollinators  seeds inside fruit ◆ sexual selection: attract seed spreaders  pollen

AP Biology Angiosperm: flowering plants

AP Biology Seed & Plant embryo  Seed offers…  protection for embryo  stored nutrients for growth of embryo seed coat endosperm (3n) cotyledons embryo (2n) cotyledons = “seed” leaves, first leaves of new plant cotyledons = “seed” leaves, first leaves of new plant

AP Biology Monocots & dicots  Angiosperm are divide into 2 classes  dicots (eudicot)  2 (seed leaves)  leaves with network of veins  woody plants, trees, shrubs, beans  monocots  1 seed leaf  leaves with parallel veins  grasses, palms, lilies