Gymnosperms

Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants Gymnosperms Seeds not covered by fruit

Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants Gymnosperms Seeds not covered by fruit Examples: Cycads

Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants Gymnosperms Seeds not covered by fruit Examples: Cycads Ginko

Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants Gymnosperms Seeds not covered by fruit Examples: Cycads Ginko Conifers

Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants Gymnosperms Seeds not covered by fruit Examples: Cycads Ginko Conifers Angiosperms Seeds covered by fruit

Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants Gymnosperms Seeds not covered by fruit Examples: Cycads Ginko Conifers Angiosperms Seeds covered by fruit Monocots Daffodils

Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants Gymnosperms Seeds not covered by fruit Examples: Cycads Ginko Conifers Angiosperms Seeds covered by fruit Monocots Dicots Apple flowers

Seeds and their advantages Seed plants don’t depend on water to reproduce Pollen (contains sperm) carried by wind/animals Embryo has… Nourishment: Nutrients inside feed embryo Protection: Hard shell Allow dispersal Carried by wind, water, animals Some seeds have “wings” Some seeds are “dispersed” by animals

Seeds and their advantages Seed plants don’t depend on water to reproduce Pollen (contains sperm) carried by wind/animals Embryo has… Nourishment: Nutrients inside feed embryo Protection: Hard shell Allow dispersal Carried by wind, water, animals Helicopter seed falling

Seeds and their advantages Seed plants don’t depend on water to reproduce Pollen (contains sperm) carried by wind/animals Embryo has… Nourishment: Nutrients inside feed embryo Protection: Hard shell Allow dispersal Carried by wind, water, animals Many helicopter seeds falling

Conifers Type of gymnosperm Needle-like leaves (reduces water loss) Common to lumber industry Cones used to reproduce Male pollen cones: produce pollen Female seed cones: produce eggs Embryo grows inside seed Ex: Evergreen, Pine, Redwood, Cedar

Conifer Life Cycle . . . . . Mature Sporophyte creates cones: Pollen cones (male) Microspores created by meiosis Microspores develop into pollen Pollen = male gametophyte . Pollen cones . . . . Seed cone Pollen released into the air

Conifer Life Cycle Mature Sporophyte creates cones: Pollen cones (male) Microspores created by meiosis Microspores develop into pollen Pollen = male gametophyte Seed cones (female) Megaspore created by meiosis Megaspore grows to become female gametophyte Egg inside female gametophyte Let’s look at one scale Pollen cones Female gametophyte Seed cone

. Conifer Life Cycle Mature Sporophyte creates cones: Pollen cones (male) Microspores created by meiosis Microspores develop into pollen Pollen = male gametophyte Seed cones (female) Megaspore created by meiosis Megaspore grows to become female gametophyte Egg inside female gametophyte Pollination Pollen tube grows towards egg . pollen Sperm cell Female gametophyte

. Conifer Life Cycle Let’s go back to the seed cone Mature Sporophyte creates cones: Pollen cones (male) Microspores created by meiosis Microspores develop into pollen Pollen = male gametophyte Seed cones (female) Megaspore created by meiosis Megaspore grows to become female gametophyte Egg inside female gametophyte Pollination Pollen tube grows towards egg Fertilization Sperm travels down pollen tube to fertilize egg Zygote grows into embryo Seed coat hardens Seeds released & can grow into young sporophyte Seeds inside every scale pollen Sperm cell . seed Let’s go back to the seed cone

Conifer Life Cycle Mature Sporophyte creates cones: Pollen cones (male) Microspores created by meiosis Microspores develop into pollen Pollen = male gametophyte Seed cones (female) Megaspore created by meiosis Megaspore grows to become female gametophyte Egg inside female gametophyte Pollination Pollen tube grows towards egg Fertilization Sperm travels down pollen tube to fertilize egg Zygote grows into embryo Seed coat hardens Seeds released & can grow into young sporophyte

Conifer Life Cycle Mature Sporophyte creates cones: Pollen cones (male) Microspores created by meiosis Microspores develop into pollen Pollen = male gametophyte Seed cones (female) Megaspore created by meiosis Megaspore grows to become female gametophyte Egg inside female gametophyte Pollination Pollen tube grows towards egg Fertilization Sperm travels down pollen tube to fertilize egg Zygote grows into embryo Seed coat hardens Seeds released & can grow into young sporophyte Pollen cone Seed cone

Review How are angiosperms different from gymnosperms? Name three advantages of seeds. Which structure will protect and release gymnosperm seeds? What are male cones called and what do they produce? What are female cones called and what do they produce? What is created when the sperm and egg fuse: sporophyte or gametophyte?